B2+

Question 1

Where are chromosomes found?

Answer 1

In the nucleus of a cell.

Question 2

What do chromosomes carry?

Answer 2

Genetic information (DNA)

Question 3

How many chromosome do humans have in body cells?

Answer 3

46 chromosomes (23 pairs , two copies one from each parent)

Question 4

What is a gene?

Answer 4

A segment of DNA on a chromosome.

Question 5

What is the cell cycle?

Answer 5

Process of cell growth and division into two identical cells. (Interphase, mitosis and cytokinesis)

Question 6

What happens during interphase?

Answer 6

Cell grows , copies DMA and organelles.

Question 7

What is mitosis?

Answer 7

Division of the nucleus to form 2 identical nuclei.

Question 8

What happens during prophase?

Answer 8

Chromosomes condense, nuclear membrane breaks down so chromosomes can move freely. Spindle forms.

Question 9

What happens during metaphase?

Answer 9

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell (equator)

Question 10

What happens during anaphase?

Answer 10

Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite sides of cell/poles.

Question 11

What happens during telophase?

Answer 11

New nuclear membrane (to protect chromosomes)

Question 12

What is cytokinesis?

Answer 12

Division of cytoplasm to form tow duaghter cells.

Question 13

How manu cells are produced after mitosis.

Answer 13

Two identical duaghter cells.

Question 14

What is a sister chromatid?

Answer 14

One half of a duplicated chromosome.

Question 15

What is a centrometre?

Answer 15

The point joint sister chromatids.

Question 16

What forms during cytokinesis in plant cells?

Answer 16

A cell plate.

Question 17

Why is mitosis important?

Answer 17

For growth repair and asexual reproduction.

Question 18

When are chromosomes visible?

Answer 18

During mitosis (prophase to telophase)

Question 19

What is growth?

Answer 19

Increase in size of an organism (caused by cell division or enlargement)

Question 20

What is differentiation?

Answer 20

Cells become specialised for specific functions.

Question 21

When do animal cells mainly differentiate?

Answer 21

Early in development

Question 22

Can plant cells differentiate throughout life?

Answer 22

Yes, may have this ability.

Question 23

What do cells acquire when they differentiate?

Answer 23

Different structures for specific functions.

Question 24

What are stem cells?

Answer 24

Undifferentiated cells that can become specialised cells.

Question 25

Where are meristem cells found?

Answer 25

Shoots and roots of a plant.

Question 26

What can plant stem cells be used for?

Answer 26

Cloning plants quickly and economically.

Question 27

Why clone rare species?

Answer 27

To protect from extinction.

Question 28

What advantage do cloned crop plants have?

Answer 28

Disease resistance and uniformity.

Question 29

What can embryonic stem cells do?

Answer 29

Differentiate into every type of human cells.

Question 30

Where can adult stem cells be found?

Answer 30

Bone marrow.

Question 31

What type of cells can adult stem cells form?

Answer 31

Many types, including blood cells. But lesser than embryonic stem cells.

Question 32

What is therapeutic cloning?

Answer 32

Producing an embryo with the patient’s genes for treatment.

Question 33

Why are embryonic stem cells likely to be rejected?

Answer 33

Because they are derived from a different person where adult stem cells can be derived from the patient itself.

Question 34

What medical conditions could stem cell treatment?

Answer 34

Diabetes and paralysis.

Question 35

What are te risks of stem cell use?

Answer 35

Viral ingections amd ethical concerns.

Question 36

What is one religious objection to embryonic stem cells?

Answer 36

Life begins at conception, so use is like taking a life.

Question 37

What is one potential compromise in stem cell research?

Answer 37

Use adult stem cells or strict ethical regulations.

Question 38

How can stem cells help understand disease?

Answer 38

By studying how cells develop and malfuction.

Question 39

What is research?

Answer 39

Active investigation to gain new knowledge.