B2 Flashcards
(32 cards)
Define classification.
Grouping of living organisms.
How can you classify?
- DNA genes
- Sexual organs
- Characteristics
Who started classification? And what did they classify by?
Carl Linneas.
Grouped plants on sexual organs.
What is natural classification? Is it easy?
Organisms grouped together by evolutionary links (ancestry).
Not easy to identify without specialist equipment.
What is artificial classification? Is it easy?
Organisms grouped together by physical features eg: petal colour.
Easy to identify.
What are the five different kingdoms:
plants, animals, fungi, protoctista and prokaryotes.
Define Kingdom:
Really large group with only one feature in common eg: plants.
Define Phylum groups:
Large group with very few features in common eg: vertebrates.
Define Class:
Largish group with a few key features. Several orders eg: mammals.
Define Order:
Largish group of living things with a few features similar eg: Carnivores.
Define Family:
Largish group with similar characteristics eg: Dogs
Define Genus:
Similar characteristics but they don’t breed together eg: Fox.
Define Species:
Lots in common and they breed fertile offspring.
What is a detrital food chain?
When an animal dies it gets either decomposed or eaten by detrivores (earthworms, woodlice).
Why are there no long food chains?
- Biomass (energy) decreases as the chain increases.
Why is there biomass loss in food chains?
- Excrement
- Growing and reproduction.
- Cell making.
- Keeping warm.
- Movement.
- Dis guarded food.
- Respiration.
Define niche.
niche: when an organism has an individual survival technique eg: Giraffe’s long neck allows them to reach high vegatation.
Define intrAspecific competition.
intrAspecific competition: when a couple of animals from the same species compete for the same thing eg a mate.
Define intErspecific competition.
intErspecific competition: when animals of different species compete for the same thing eg: food.
What is the prey cycle?
As prey increase so do the predators. When prey becomes over eaten by predators, the predator population falls. Now there aren’t hardly any predators prey have a greater population etc etc.
What is a mutual relationship?
Also another name for this relationship?
A mutual relationship is when two organisms come together to help one another eg the shark is cleaned by the fish making it more streamlined so it can swim faster. The fish get to eat the shark’s dead skin.
The other name is a sybiotic relationship.
What is a parasitic relationship?
A parasitic relationship is when a parasite enters a host organism but takes from the host and doesn’t give back eg: A flea sucks the blood from a cat leaving the cat marginally weaker but not at all better off.
Name a few examples of adaptations.
Camel: Long eyelashes to stop sand entering the eye, large hoofs to spread surface area across the sand to stop them sinking.
Elephants: Big ears have blood pumped to them to cool it for it’s trip around the body.
Cactus: Store water in it’s stem, wide root structure so it has a greater surface area thus chance at getting water.
Polar bears: Big paws (look at camel’s hoof), compact body to minimise heat loss.
Define specialist animals.
Animals that can’t survive out of their environment. eg: artic fox
