B2 Flashcards
(128 cards)
1
Q
Is new detergent more environmentally friendly (2)
A
YesLess heat wastedConserves fuel suppliesLess co2 emissions
2
Q
What affected by cystic fibrosis (1)
A
Cell membranes
3
Q
Why people embryo screening (1)
A
Reduce health care cost
4
Q
Why people against embryo screening (1)
A
Potential harm to embryo
5
Q
Battery chickens produce more eggs than free range why (1)
A
Less movementLess heat loss
6
Q
Animals raised for food usually herbivores not carnivore why (2)
A
Less step in food chainLess loss of biomassCheaper to feed herbivore
7
Q
What does cell use code in genes for (2)
A
To combine a aIn specific orderTo manufacture enzymes
8
Q
Only half child fingerprint natch mum why (2)
A
Due to meiosisEgg only contain half of DNA sperm contain other half
9
Q
Which organ monitors blood glucose con (1)
A
Pancreas
10
Q
Enzyme digest protein (1)
A
Protease
11
Q
Evaluate use of dogs in experiments (3)
A
No experiment on humanDig sim to humanAllow us find treatmentCruelDogs may not be like humans
12
Q
What growers need to consider before makind decisions about growing conditions (2)
A
Cost of providing conditionsEffect of treatment on profitLimiting factors
13
Q
Nitrate magnesium ion function in plants and deficiency symptoms (4)
A
N produce a aStunted growthM produce chlorophyllYellow leaves
14
Q
Photosynthesis equation
A
CO2+H2O light energy glucose+O2
15
Q
One source of CO2 for plant (1)
A
Respiration in plant
16
Q
2 independent variables in investigation (2)
A
Light intensityLeaf colour
17
Q
Why no starch under card (1)
A
Dark no photo
18
Q
Why no starch in white bit (1)
A
No chlorophyll
19
Q
2 factors should investigate before deciding (2)
A
Effect of temppH
20
Q
Many biological detergents cannot be used at high temp why (1)
A
Enzyme denatured
21
Q
Embryo screening (1)
A
Embryo tested for particular allele
22
Q
One allele in 30 is cystic fibrosis but only in 900 has CF why (2)
A
CF recessive alleleNeed 2 to get CF
23
Q
Movement of chloride ions cause water to pass out of cells into mucus why (3)
A
DiffusionMore concentrated solution outside cellWater move from dilute to more con solutionPartially permeable membrane
24
Q
What part of lung cells manufacture protein in mucus (1)
A
Ribosomes
25
Name enzyme that digests fats (1)
Lipase
26
What happens to insoluble starch (1)
Stored for later use
27
Controlled variables (2)
CO2 conpHSize plant
28
2 measurements to calculate RoP (2)
No of bubblesPer min
29
Why lactase not normally oroduced in stmach (2)
Stomach acidicLactase works best in high pH
30
How bike help digestion of milk (2)
Emulsifies fat, broken up into droplets so greater saEnzymes work better
31
Why even no of chromosomes (1)
Come in pairs
32
Function of DNA (2)
Combination of aaForm particular proteinsCode
33
Why mitosis important (1)
For growth/repair
34
Why cell swell in water (3)
Water enters cellBy diffusionThrough partially permeable membrane
35
What structure prevent dell bursting (1)
Cell wall
36
Control variable (1) lipase
Same volume
37
Lipase solution and lipid kept separately in water bath before mixing why (1)
So lipase and lipid reach right temp
38
2 ways improve investigation (2)
Test more regularlyAt smaller time intervals
39
Lipase breaks down lipid into what (1)
Fatty acids and glycerol
40
How mitochondria help sperm travel to egg (1)
Releases energy
41
Why nucleus of sperm diff from body (1)
Contains half no of chromosomes
42
Why stem cells from embryos used to treat disease (2)
UnspecialisedCan for, other types of cellsCan multiply
43
Effect on O2 if white lear used (2)
FallUsed for respiration
44
Why when white leaf turn green better (2)
More chloroplastsAllow more photo
45
Why no not match expected (1)
Small numbers not representative
46
Why mendels work not recognised (1)
Gene not discovered
47
Athlete A or B (4)
AMore glycogenMore energy releasedGlycogen used in respirationMore energy used for movement
48
Function of ribosomes (1)
Protein synthesis
49
Diff between plant and bacterial cell (1)
Plants have chloroplasts
50
Why bacterial cell not contain mitochondria (1)
Too smallSame size as mitochondria
51
How use a quadrat and tape (6)
Use tape measure to produce transectPlace quadratPlace transect across streamScore presence of each plant speciesPlace quadrat at regular intervals along tapeRepeat transect several timesAlong streamAt random
52
What happens to genetic material before divides (1)
Doubles
53
Why sexual reproduction produces new variety of onion (3)
Fertilisation occursLeading to mixing of genetic infoOne copy of each allele from each parent
54
Leaf discs not produce oxygen in dark why (1)
Light needed for photo
55
Leaf disks took in oxygen in dark why (1)
O2 needed for respiration
56
Why farmer not heat greenhouse above 35 C (3)
Above 35 little increase in rateSo waste of moneyRespiration rate higher above 35So respiration reduces effect of photo
57
How do fossils provide evidence for evolution (3)
Fossil is organism lived long time agoSimpler than present day speciesSimilar features to present day species
58
Suggest explanation for development of new species (6)
IsolationBy geographical barrierVariationDiff environmental conditionsNatural selection select diff characteristicsFavourable alleles passed on in each populationDifferences lead to inability to successfully interbreed
59
Allele (1)
Forms of the same gene
60
Recessive (1)
Only expressed if 2 copies inherited
61
2 tissues in leaf that transport substances around plant (1)
Xylem phloem
62
Diffusion (2)
Movement of particlesFrom high to low con
63
One gas diffuse out of leaf in sunny day (1)
Oxygen
64
How student decide where to place quadrat (2)
RandomlyRandom no
65
Factor account for distribution of plant (1)
NutrientsMinerals
66
Enzyme where producedProducts of digestionOther chemicals (6)Fat
Mechanical breakdown in mouthLipase breaks fate into fatty acids and glycerolProduced by pancreas and small intestineFat digestion occurs in smallLiver produce bileNeutralise acid from stomachProduce alkaline condition in smallEmulsificationProducts absorbed by small
67
How anaerobic diff in yeast from human (1)
Yeast makes alcohol
68
Factor affect RoP not light (5)
CO2 conAs it rises rate rises then levelsIncreases when CO2 is limiting levels when another factor limitingTempAs it increases rate rises then fallsIncreases as RoR increase fall denatured
69
How change in DNA result in enzyme not work (3)
Sequence of a a differentEnzyme diff shapeSo substrate not fit into enzymes
70
Hoe many chromosomes in nucleus of human nerve cell (1)
46
71
2 advantages of using isomerase in column of beads (2)
Enzyme can be reusedMore stableProduct pure
72
Why use fructose not glucose (2)
Less f needed for same sweetnessLess f less fattening
73
How chromosome become 2 strands (1)
DNA replicates
74
Why offspring cannot reproduce (2)
Contain odd no of each chromosomeSome chromosomes cannot pair in meiosisGametes not formed
75
Why chromosome become 2 strands before cell divides (2)
One copy of each chromosome to each offspring cellEach offspring cell receives same genetic material
76
Cell division produces gametes (2)
Meiosis
77
How student obtain sample (1)
Random selection
78
2 enzymes produced by pancreas (2)
ProteaseLipaseCarbohydrase
79
How bile affects digestion of food in small (2)
Neutralises acidEnzymes work more effectivelyEmulsifies fatLarger sa
80
Gallstones produce pale faeces and jaundice (4)
Bile not get into faecesPigment deposited on skin
81
Why magnesium not limiting factor (1)
Same amount of grain produced when more mag provided
82
Why magnesium affect yield (2)
Mag used for chlorophyll productionFor photo
83
Why not add more mag (1)
Not cost effective
84
Why less light passes through mixture when starch more concentrated (1)
Opaque
85
Enzyme shich convert glucose into fructose (1)
Isomerase
86
One way grower could increase yield (1)
Increase tempLight
87
What is small section of DNA (1)
Gene
88
Aa cannot be stored what happens to excess (3)
Aa broken downFormed in ureaWhich formed in liverFiltered by kidneyIn urineStored in bladder
89
Why discs float (1)
O2 produced
90
Why helpful,take 5 eggs rather than 1 (1)
Greater chance of fertilisation
91
Evaluate embryo screening (4)
Greater chance having child without CfExpensive bring upCF not passed through generationsEmbryo KilledPossible damage to embryo
92
Where amylase produced(3)
Salivary glandsPancreasSmall
93
Why amylase and starch left in water bath before mixed (2)
So come to temp of water bathNear body temp optimum temp
94
Why light pass through mot change (1)
All starch digested
95
Why better to count bubbles very min than all in 3 min (1)
Improve reliability
96
Why doctors expect half embryo female (2)
Half sperm have X and half Y chromosomeAll eggs X
97
Why not use higher temp enzymes (2)
DenaturedShape not fit stain
98
How someone can be carrier of CF (2)
CF allele recessiveCarrier only one CF gene
99
Why only need one parent have HD for child to get (1)
HD dominant allele
100
How make sure heat from la,p not affect RoP (1)
Water bath
101
Describe structure of leaf and function of tissues (6)
Epidermis cover plant, no chloroplasts allow light penetrateMesophyll photosynthesisePhloem xylem transportCuticle decrease water lossStomata guard cell allow CO2 in O2 out control water lossPalisade many chloroplasts trap light near to of leaf to receive more lightSpongy air spaces for rapid movement of gases
102
Effect trypsin has in baby food (2)
Break down foodForm protein into aaRunnier
103
One use of enzyme in industry (2)
Carbohydrase starch into sugar make syrupLipase fats into fatty acids removal of grease stainsIsomerase glucose into fructose slimming foods
104
How ribosomes and mitochondria help cell make enzymes (3)
Ribosomes make proteinsUsing aaMitochondria provide energy for process
105
Why important gametes have half chromosomes (2)
FertilisationOriginal no 46
106
How sample valid (2)
QuadratRandomly placed
107
Wh more light increase RoP (2)
More energy availableFor growth
108
Dominant allele (1)
Allele expressed even when other allele present (1)
109
Advantage stem cell from adult cell (1)
From self no rejectionSkin cell more accessible
110
Product of protein digestion (1)
Aa
111
What enzyme digests protein (1)
Protease
112
How get more accurate value of pH (2)
RepeatUsing smaller intervals between pH 1 and 3
113
Why no change of length enzyme (2)
DenaturedCannot fit substrate
114
Acid in stomach (1)
Hydrochloric
115
Importance diffusion in animals and plants Examples (6)
ITake in substances for use in cell processesProducts from cell processes removedERespiration O2 in Co2 outPhoto vice versaFood molecules absorbed glucose aaWater absorption large and rootsWater lost from leavesMineral ions absorbed by rootsDescriptionMovement of particlesThrough partially permeable membraneDown con gradient
116
Process make lactic acid (1)
Anaerobic
117
Why more lactic acid needed when run faster (3)
More energy neededNot enough O2 can be supplied to musclesSo more anaerobic to supply extra energy
118
Why advantage to give ions in plants (1)
Can supply correct nutrients
119
How put bubbles in ion solution help roots stay alive (3)
Provide O2 For aerobicWhich supplies energy for roots
120
Why regular intervals not random (2)
To get data about position of seaweedIn relation to distance from sea
121
How improve to ensure validity (2)
Repeat several timesElsewhere along shore
122
How floating increase survive (2)
Gets more oughtFor photo
123
Fertilised egg form embryo by what cell division (1)
Mitosis
124
Genetic material made up of large molecules of what chemical substance (1)
DNA
125
Why soft bodies make it hard for scientists (2)
Lack of fossilsSoft parts decay
126
Reasons why did not mate (2)
Not attractiveNt mating seasonSame sex
127
Species (2)
Organisms that can interbreedSuccessfully
128
Where aerobic happen (1)
Mitochondria
