B2

Question 1

Aerobic Respiration

Answer 1

Respiration that uses oxygen.

Question 2

Allele

Answer 2

An alternative form of a particular gene.

Question 3

Amino Acids

Answer 3

The smaller soluble sub-units that join to form proteins.

Question 4

Amylase

Answer 4

An enzyme that breaks down starch.

Question 5

Anaerobic Respiration

Answer 5

Respiration that takes place without oxygen.

Question 6

Bile

Answer 6

A greenish-yellow fluid produced by the liver.

Question 7

Catalyst

Answer 7

A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being changed itself.

Question 8

Cell

Answer 8

A fundamental unit of a living organism.

Question 9

Chlorophyll

Answer 9

The green pigment found in most plants; responsible for photosynthesis.

Question 10

Chloroplast

Answer 10

A tiny structure in the cytoplasm of plant cells that that contains chlorophyll.

Question 11

Chromosome

Answer 11

Long molecule found in the nucleus of all cells; made from DNA.

Question 12

Cystic Fibrosis

Answer 12

Genetic disorder caused by recessive alleles affecting cell membranes.

Question 13

Cytoplasm

Answer 13

The substance found in living cells (outside the nucleus) where chemical reactions take place.

Question 14

Denatured

Answer 14

Where the special shape of an enzyme is changed (by excessive temperature or pH) so it no longer functions.

Question 15

Differentiation

Answer 15

To make / become different.

Question 16

Diffusion

Answer 16

The mixing of two substances through the natural movement of their particles from a high concentration to a low concentration.

Question 17

Dilate

Answer 17

To widen or enlarge.

Question 18

DNA (deoxyribo nucleic acid)

Answer 18

Nuclei acid molecules that contain genetic information and make up chromosomes.

Question 19

Dominant (allele)

Answer 19

An allele that only needs to be present once in order to be expressed; represented by a capital letter.

Question 20

Enzyme

Answer 20

A protein that speeds up a reaction (a biological catalyst).

Question 21

Epidermis

Answer 21

Outer layer.

E.g. Skin

Question 22

Extinction

Answer 22

Where all individuals of a species have died out.

Question 23

Fatigued

Answer 23

Extremely tired due to excessive activity on muscles carrying out anaerobic respiration and the build up of lactic acid.

Question 24

Fertilisation

Answer 24

The fusion of the male and fermail gametes.

Question 25

Fossil

Answer 25

The remains of animals/ plants preserved in rock.

Question 26

Gamete

Answer 26

A specialised sex cell formed by meiosis.

Question 27

Gene

Answer 27

Part of a chromosome made up of DNA; controls a certain characteristic.

Question 28

Glycogen

Answer 28

A form of carbohydrate in which sugars are stored in the body for energy.

Question 29

Lactic acid

Answer 29

A compound produced when cells respire without oxygen. (i.e. Anaerobically)

Question 30

Lipase

Answer 30

An enzyme that breaks down fat into fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 31

Meiosis

Answer 31

Cell division that forms daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.

Question 32

Mendel

Answer 32

An Austrian monk who studied inheritance.

Question 33

Mitochondria

Answer 33

The structure in the cytoplasm where energy is produced rom chemical reactions.

Question 34

Mitosis

Answer 34

Cell division that forms two daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parents cells.

Question 35

Multicellular

Answer 35

An organism consisting of many cells.

Question 36

Nucleus

Answer 36

The control centre of the cell.

Question 37

Organ

Answer 37

A group of tissues working together.

Question 38

Phloem

Answer 38

Tissue for transporting sugars around a plant.

Question 39

Photosynthesis

Answer 39

The chemical process that uses light energy to produce glucose in green plants.

Question 40

Polydactyly

Answer 40

A genetic disorder caused by a dominant allele where people have extra fingers or toes.

Question 41

Protease

Answer 41

A enzyme used to break down proteins into amino acids.

Question 42

Quadrat

Answer 42

A square frame (usually between 0.25msquared and 1msquared) used for sampling organisms in their natural environment. Usually plants, aquatic organisms, e.g. Barnacles and some slowly mobile animals such as insects.

Question 43

Quantitative

Answer 43

Data involving quantities or measurements. | E.g. Distribution of organisms.

Question 44

Recessive (allele)

Answer 44

An allele that will only be expressed if there are two present; represented by a lower case letter.

Question 45

Respiration

Answer 45

The process of converting glucose into energy inside cells.

Question 46

Ribosomes

Answer 46

Small structure found in the cytoplasm of living cells where protein synthesis takes place.

Question 47

Sexual reproduction

Answer 47

When new individuals are produced that aren't genetically identical to the parents; involving the fusion of gametes.

Question 48

Specialised

Answer 48

Adapted for a particular purpose.

Question 49

Stem cell

Answer 49

A human embryo cell or adult bone marrow cell that has yet to differentiate.

Question 50

Tissue

Answer 50

A group of cells that have a similar structure and function.

Question 51

Transept

Answer 51

A fixed line along which sampling of populations, such as species abundance, are measured.

Question 52

Vacuole

Answer 52

A fluid-filled sac found in the cytoplasm.

Question 53

Xylem

Answer 53

Tissue for transporting water and minerals in plants.

Question 54

Yeast

Answer 54

A single-celled fungus; a microorganism.

Question 55

Zygote

Answer 55

A cell formed by the fusion of the nuclei of a make sex cell and a female sex cell (gametes).

Question 56

Genotype

Answer 56

The combination of alleles an individual has for a particular gene. E.g. BB, Bb, or bb.

Question 57

Heterozygous

Answer 57

An individual who carries two different copies of the allele. E.g. Bb

Question 58

Homozygous

Answer 58

An individual who carries two copies of the same allele. E.g. BB or bb

Question 59

Oxygen debt

Answer 59

Oxygen deficiency cause by anaerobic respiration during intense / vigorous exercise.

Question 60

Phenotype

Answer 60

the expression of the genotype. I.e. The characteristic shown.

Question 61

Speciation

Answer 61

Where populations have become so different that successful interbreeding is no longer possible.