B2

Question 1

what are the symptoms of bacteria caused by?

Answer 1

release of poisons or toxins by the bacteria

Question 2

what are the symptoms of viruses caused by?

Answer 2

damaged to the cells as the virus reproduce

Question 3

what is binary fission?

Answer 3

.a type of asexual reproduction

.tepr9duce by dividing into 2

Question 4

what is exponential growth?

Answer 4

when bacteria reproduces rapidly

Question 5

what does a virus need to reproduce?

Answer 5

‘host’ cell

Question 6

what are some different types of antibody?

Answer 6

.destroy the invading microorganism
.enable white blood cells to recognise the microorganism as being foreign
.cause the microorganism to clump together, meaning it is easier to engulf white blood cells

Question 7

when does an epidemic occur?

Answer 7

if a desise spreads rapidly through a population , for example in a city or countrey

Question 8

what is antimicrobials?

Answer 8

are a group of substances that are used to kill microorganisms or inhibit (slow) their growth
they are effective against bacteria, viruses and fungi

Question 9

what are antibiotics?

Answer 9

a type of antimicrobial which are effective against bacteria such as tuberculosis

Question 10

what are antimicrobials?

Answer 10

chemicals that prevent the growth of microorganisms, so provide protection against desise

Question 11

what are superbugs?

Answer 11

resistant microorganisms

Question 12

what bacteria has spread through out hospitals dues to antibiotic resistance?

Answer 12

MRSA

Question 13

what is an open label trial?

Answer 13

both patients and researchers know which drug the patient is reciveing

Question 14

why do some trials investigate drugs over a long period of time?

Answer 14

.side effects may appear or increase over time

.the drug may become less effective

Question 15

what makes up the circulatory system?

Answer 15

heart
blood vessels
blood

Question 16

what are the three types of blood vessels?

Answer 16

arteries , capillaries , veins

Question 17

what do arteries do and what is there structure?

Answer 17

.AWAY from the heart under HIGH pressure

.THICK walls

Question 18

what do capillaries do and what is there structure?

Answer 18

.links arteries to veins

.walls are one cell thick

Question 19

what do veins do and what is there structure?

Answer 19

.collect blood and return it to the heart (TOWARDS)
.walls contain elastic muscular tissues
.under LOW pressure

Question 20

what runs over the surface of the heart?

Answer 20

coronary arteries

Question 21

how is coronary heart disease caused?

Answer 21

.by the build up of fatty substances in the arteries

Question 22

how is heart rate measured?

Answer 22

.recording the pulse rate

Question 23

what does blood pressure record?

Answer 23

the pressure of blood on the walls of an arterie

Question 24

how is blood pressure measured?

Answer 24

.millimeters of Mercury
.the higher the value the heart is contracting
.the lower value is when the heart is relaxed

Question 25

what are epidemiological studies?

Answer 25

studies of occurrence of desise using large numbers

Question 26

what is the maintenence of a constant environment called?

Answer 26

homeostasis

Question 27

wait does homeostasis involve?

Answer 27

the communication by the nervous and hormonal system

Question 28

what are the three parts of homeostasis?

Answer 28

.RECEPTORS detect change in the environment .PROCESSING CENTERS reciveing information and determine how the body will responde .EFFECTORS produce a response

Question 29

why must we keep the water content in our body's contained?

Answer 29

to keep the body's cells bathed in blood plasma

Question 30

how does alcohol affect the water ballance of the body?

Answer 30

causes kidney to produce a large volume of dilute urine and the body becomes dehydrated

Question 31

how does ecstacy affect the water balance of the body?

Answer 31

causes the kidneys to produce very small volumes of concentrated urine the body's cells swell with water

Question 32

does alcohol decrease or increase the amount of ADH?

Answer 32

.decrease | .less water is absorbed by the kidneys

Question 33

does ecstacy decrease or increase the amount of ADH?

Answer 33

.increases | .so more water is reabsorbed by the kidneys