B2

Question 1

What is a tissue ?

Answer 1

A groups of cells with a similar structure and function

Question 2

What is an organ ?

Answer 2

An organ is a groups of tissue working together for a specific function

Question 3

What is an organ system ?

Answer 3

Organs are grouped into organ systems which work together to form organisms

Question 4

What are the three main nutrients food contains ?

Answer 4

. Carbohydrates
. Protein
. Lipids

Question 5

What happens in digestion ?

Answer 5

Large food molecules are broken down into small molecules by enzymes . These small molecules can be absorbed into the bloodstream .

Question 6

What does the pancreas do in digestion ?

Answer 6

Releases enzymes

Question 7

What does the liver do ?

Answer 7

Release bile , which emulsifies fats and neutralises stomach acid .

Question 8

What are enzymes ?

Answer 8

Catalyse

Question 9

What do they have ?

Answer 9

An active site

Question 10

What is the active site ?

Answer 10

The active site is where the substrate attaches to

Question 11

What is the theory used with enzymes ?

Answer 11

The lock and key theory . Saying that enzymes are specific and the substrate must fit perfectly into it

Question 12

What enzymes are proteins , carbohydrates and lipids broken down by ?

Answer 12

Proteins are broken down by protease , carbohydrates by carbohydrase and lipids are broken down by lipase.

Question 13

What is produced when carbohydrase are broken down ?

Answer 13

Simple sugars

Question 14

What is produced when proteins are broken down ?

Answer 14

Amino acids

Question 15

What is produced when lipids are broken down ?

Answer 15

Glycerol and fatty acids

Question 16

What does denatured mean ?

Answer 16

The substrate no longer fits perfectly into the active site

Question 17

What is the interior of the small intestine covered in ?

Answer 17

Villi

Question 18

What do villi do ?

Answer 18

They massively increase surface area for the absorption of molecules

Question 19

What circulatory system do humans have ?

Answer 19

Double circulatory system

Question 20

How many chambers does the heart have ?

Answer 20

4

Question 21

What does the vena cava do ?

Answer 21

It brings in deoxygenated blood from the body

Question 22

What does the pulmonary artery do ?

Answer 22

Passes blood from the heart to the lungs

Question 23

What does the pulmonary vein do ?

Answer 23

Brings in oxygenated blood from the lungs

Question 24

What does the aorta do ?

Answer 24

Pumps oxygenated blood to the body

Question 25

What do valves do ?

Answer 25

Stop the blood from flowing backwards when the ventricles contract

Question 26

What do the coronary arteries do ?

Answer 26

Provide oxygen to the muscle cells of the heart

Question 27

What is found in the plasma ?

Answer 27

Red blood cells , white blood cells and platelets

Question 28

What does plasma do ?

Answer 28

Plasma transports dissolved substances around the body . e.g. carbon dioxide , soluble digestion products and urea .

Question 29

What do red blood cells do ?

Answer 29

Red blood cells transport oxygen from the lungs to the body cells

Question 30

What adaptations do red blood cells have to do this ?

Answer 30

. Contain the oxygen carrying molecule haemoglobin . . They have no nucleus which means they have more room for haemoglobin . . In the centre of cells they have dimples , gives red blood cells greater surface area so oxygen can diffuse rapidly .

Question 31

What do white blood cells do ?

Answer 31

Produce antibodies

Question 32

What are platelets ?

Answer 32

Tiny fragments of cells and their job is to help the blood to clot

Question 33

What are cardiovascular diseases ?

Answer 33

Diseases of the heart and blood vessels , they are non - communicable

Question 34

What are two treatments for CHD ?

Answer 34

Statins -lower cholesterol in blood | Stents - a tube inserted into the artery to keep it open

Question 35

What is the alveoli ?

Answer 35

There alveoli is where gases diffuse in and out of the bloodstream

Question 36

What adaptations do the alveoli have ?

Answer 36

. The millions of alveoli means the lungs have a huge surface area . They have very thin walls so the diffusion path is very short . The alveoli have a very goof blood supply

Question 37

What is a benign tumour ?

Answer 37

Benign tumours are growths of abnormal cells which are found in one area . They are usually contained within a membrane and stay in one place .

Question 38

What is a malignant tumour ?

Answer 38

Malignant tumours invade neighbouring tissues and move into the bloodstream , they are classified as a cancer