B2 Cell Division Flashcards

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1
Q

What are stem cells

A

A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell which could turn into any cell in an organism

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2
Q

What are the 2 main properties of stem cells

A
  • can divide by mitosis indefinitely
  • can differentiate into specialised cells
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3
Q

What are the 2 types of stem cells

A

Embryonic and adult

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4
Q

What are the features of embryonic stem cells

A
  • early stage of the embryo
  • can produce any type of cell
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5
Q

What are the features of adult stem cells

A

These cells can grow and replace SIMILAR damaged cells ( eg. Blood cells from bone marrow)

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6
Q

What is meristem

A

This is a type of stem cell in plants that help them differentiate into any type of plant cell thought the plants life ( this Is how they are able to grow after being cut down)

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7
Q

What is theraputic cloning

A

Producing an embryo with the same genes as a patient

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8
Q

What are the stages of therapeutic cloning

A
  • combining a egg cell without nucleus and nucleus from a patient
  • shock to start
  • after time an embryo is created
  • stem cells are removed from embryo and signalled to create any animal cell
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9
Q

Why does cell division take place

A
  • G rowth
  • R epair
  • R eplace
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10
Q

What are the 3 stages to the cell cycle

A
  1. DNA is replicated
  2. Mitosis- the nucleus divides
  3. Cytoplasm and cell membranes divide to from 2 identical cells
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11
Q

What are the stages of mitosis

A
  1. DNA replicates so you have 2 copies of
    each chromosome.
  2. Pairs of chromosomes start to line up
    in the middle of the cell.
  3. Spindle fibres attach to centre of each
    pair of chromosomes
  4. 1 copy of each chromosome is pulled
    to opposite poles of the cell.
  5. Two new identical daughter cells form
    containing the same DNA as the original
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