B2 - Cells and Control

Question 1

What is mitosis?

Answer 1

Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells.

Question 2

What is the primary purpose of mitosis?

Answer 2

The primary purpose of mitosis is for growth and repair of tissues.

Question 3

True or False: Mitosis produces genetically different cells.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

What phase of the cell cycle does mitosis occur in?

Answer 4

Mitosis occurs in the M phase of the cell cycle.

Question 5

Fill in the blank: Mitosis results in ________ identical cells.

Answer 5

two

Question 6

What are the stages of mitosis?

Answer 6

The stages of mitosis are prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

Question 7

In which stage of mitosis do chromosomes line up at the equatorial plate?

Answer 7

Metaphase

Question 8

True or False: Chromosomes are duplicated during mitosis.

Answer 8

False

Question 9

What structure helps to separate the chromosomes during mitosis?

Answer 9

The spindle fibers.

Question 10

What happens during prophase?

Answer 10

During prophase, the chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes and the nuclear envelope breaks down.

Question 11

What is the role of the centrioles in mitosis?

Answer 11

Centrioles help organize the spindle fibers that separate the chromosomes.

Question 12

During which phase do sister chromatids separate?

Answer 12

Anaphase

Question 13

What is the outcome of telophase?

Answer 13

Telophase results in the formation of two new nuclear envelopes around the separated sets of chromosomes.

Question 14

Fill in the blank: Cytokinesis usually occurs ________ mitosis.

Answer 14

after

Question 15

How does cytokinesis differ in plant and animal cells?

Answer 15

In animal cells, cytokinesis occurs through cleavage furrow formation, while in plant cells, a cell plate forms.

Question 16

What type of cells undergo mitosis?

Answer 16

Somatic cells.

Question 17

True or False: Mitosis can occur in prokaryotes.

Answer 17

False

Question 18

What is the result of errors during mitosis?

Answer 18

Errors during mitosis can lead to conditions such as cancer due to abnormal cell growth.

Question 19

What is the function of checkpoints in the cell cycle?

Answer 19

Checkpoints ensure that the cell is ready to proceed to the next phase of the cell cycle.

Question 20

Fill in the blank: The phase before mitosis is called ________.

Answer 20

interphase

Question 21

What occurs during interphase?

Answer 21

During interphase, the cell grows, duplicates its DNA, and prepares for mitosis.

Question 22

What is the role of DNA replication in mitosis?

Answer 22

DNA replication ensures that each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes.

Question 23

Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the appearance of the spindle apparatus?

Answer 23

Prophase

Question 24

What happens to the nuclear envelope during prophase?

Answer 24

The nuclear envelope breaks down.

Question 25

True or False: Mitosis is a form of asexual reproduction.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

What is the significance of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

Answer 26

Mitosis is crucial for growth, development, and tissue repair in multicellular organisms.

Question 27

What are sister chromatids?

Answer 27

Sister chromatids are identical copies of a chromosome connected by a centromere.

Question 28

During which phase do the chromatids become individual chromosomes?

Answer 28

Anaphase

Question 29

What is the purpose of spindle fibers?

Answer 29

Spindle fibers help to separate and move chromosomes during mitosis.

Question 30

Fill in the blank: The chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles during ________.

Answer 30

anaphase

Question 31

What is the main difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Answer 31

Mitosis produces two identical cells, while meiosis produces four genetically different gametes.

Question 32

True or False: Mitosis includes two rounds of cell division.

Answer 32

False

Question 33

What is the role of the mitotic spindle?

Answer 33

The mitotic spindle is responsible for separating the chromosomes during mitosis.

Question 34

In which phase do chromosomes de-condense back into chromatin?

Answer 34

Telophase

Question 35

What is the significance of mitotic regulation?

Answer 35

Mitotic regulation ensures proper cell division and prevents uncontrolled cell growth.

Question 36

Fill in the blank: The cell cycle consists of ________, mitosis, and cytokinesis.

Answer 36

interphase

Question 37

What is the G1 phase?

Answer 37

The G1 phase is the first gap phase of interphase where the cell grows and synthesizes proteins.

Question 38

What happens during the S phase of interphase?

Answer 38

During the S phase, DNA is replicated.

Question 39

What is the G2 phase?

Answer 39

The G2 phase is the second gap phase where the cell prepares for mitosis.

Question 40

True or False: Mitosis is critical for asexual reproduction in unicellular organisms.

Answer 40

True

Question 41

What is the role of cyclins in the cell cycle?

Answer 41

Cyclins are proteins that regulate the progression of the cell cycle.

Question 42

What can happen if a cell bypasses the checkpoints?

Answer 42

Bypassing checkpoints can lead to uncontrolled cell division and cancer.

Question 43

Fill in the blank: The process of cell division that occurs after mitosis is called ________.

Answer 43

cytokinesis

Question 44

What is the primary function of mitosis in single-celled organisms?

Answer 44

In single-celled organisms, mitosis is primarily for reproduction.

Question 45

What happens to the genetic material during mitosis?

Answer 45

The genetic material is duplicated and evenly distributed to the daughter cells.

Question 46

True or False: Mitosis occurs continuously in all cell types.

Answer 46

False

Question 47

What is the role of checkpoints in preventing cancer?

Answer 47

Checkpoints help detect and repair DNA damage, preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.

Question 48

What is the term for the division of the cytoplasm?

Answer 48

Cytokinesis

Question 49

During which phase do chromosomes become visible under a microscope?

Answer 49

Prophase

Question 50

What is the role of the centromere?

Answer 50

The centromere holds sister chromatids together and is where spindle fibers attach.

Question 51

What happens during the late telophase?

Answer 51

The nuclear envelope re-forms around each set of chromosomes.

Question 52

What are the two main types of cell division?

Answer 52

Mitosis and meiosis.

Question 53

What is the result of mitosis in terms of chromosome number?

Answer 53

The chromosome number remains the same as the parent cell.

Question 54

Fill in the blank: The ________ phase is when the cell prepares for mitosis.

Answer 54

G2

Question 55

What is the significance of mitosis in tissue repair?

Answer 55

Mitosis allows for the replacement of damaged or dead cells in tissues.