B2 Organisation

Question 1

Active site

Answer 1

the site on an enzyme where the reactants bind

Question 2

Amino acids

Answer 2

molecules made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen that are the building blocks of proteins

Question 3

Amylase

Answer 3

enzyme that speeds up the digestion of starch into sugars

Question 4

Bile

Answer 4

neutralises stomach acid to give a high pH for the enzymes from the pancreas and small intestine to work well. It is
not an enzyme

Question 5

Carbohydrase

Answer 5

enzymes that speed up the breakdown of carbohydrates into simple sugars

Question 6

Carbohydrate

Answer 6

molecules that contain only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They provide the energy for the metabolism and are
found in foods such as rice, potatoes, and bread

Question 7

Catalyst

Answer 7

a substance that speeds up the rate of another reaction but is not used up or changed itself

Question 8

Denatured

Answer 8

the breakdown of the molecular structure of a protein so it no longer functions

Question 9

Differentiate

Answer 9

the process where cells become specialised for a particular function

Question 10

Digestive system

Answer 10

organ system where food is digested and absorbed

Question 11

Enzymes

Answer 11

biological catalysts, usually proteins

Question 12

Fatty acids

Answer 12

part of the structure of a lipid molecule

Question 13

Glycerol

Answer 13

part of the structure of a lipid molecule

Question 14

Lipase

Answer 14

enzymes that speed up the breakdown of lipids into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 15

Lipids

Answer 15

include fats and oils and are found in foods such as butter, olive oil, and crisps. They are made of carbon,
hydrogen and oxygen

Question 16

Metabolism

Answer 16

the sum of all the reactions taking place in a cell or the body of an organism

Question 17

Organ

Answer 17

an aggregation (collection ) of different tissues working together to carry out specific functions

Question 18

Organ system

Answer 18

a group of organs that work together to carry out specific functions and form organisms

Question 19

Proteases

Answer 19

enzymes that speed up the breakdown of proteins into amino acids

Question 20

Proteins

Answer 20

molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen and are made of long chains of amino acids. They
are used for building the cells and tissues of the body and to form enzymes

Question 21

Simple sugars

Answer 21

small carbohydrate units, for example glucose

Question 22

Tissue

Answer 22

a group of specialised cells with a similar structure and function

Question 23

Aorta

Answer 23

the artery that leaves the heart from the left ventricle and carries oxygenated blood to the body

Question 24

Artery

Answer 24

blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. They usually carry oxygenated blood and have a pulse

Question 25

Atria/ Atrium

Answer 25

the upper chambers of the heart

Question 26

Capillaries

Answer 26

the smallest blood vessels. They run between individual cells and have a wall that is only one cell thick

Question 27

Coronary arteries

Answer 27

the blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle

Question 28

Double circulation system

Answer 28

the circulation of blood from the heart to the lungs is separate from the circulation of blood from the heart to the rest of the body

Question 29

epidermal

Answer 29

the name given to cells that make up the epidermis or outer layer of an organism

Question 30

Guard cells

Answer 30

surround the stomata in the leaves of plants and control their opening and closing

Question 31

Haemoglobin

Answer 31

the red pigment that carries oxygen around the body in the red blood cells

Question 32

Palisade mesophyll

Answer 32

the upper layer of the mesophyll tissue in plant leaves made up of closely packed cells that contain many chloroplasts for photosynthesis

Question 33

Phloem

Answer 33

the living transport tissue in plants that carries dissolved food (sugars) around the plant

Question 34

Plasma

Answer 34

the clear yellow-liquid part of the blood that carries dissolved substances and blood cells around the body

Question 35

Platelets

Answer 35

fragments of cells in the blood that play a vital role in the clotting mechanism of the blood

Question 36

Pulmonary artery

Answer 36

the large blood vessel that takes deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs

Question 37

Pulmonary vein

Answer 37

the large blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the left atrium of the heart

Question 38

Red blood cells

Answer 38

biconcave cells that contain the red pigment haemoglobin and carry oxygen around the body in the blood

Question 39

Spongy mesophyll

Answer 39

the lower layer of mesophyll tissue in plant leaves that contains some chloroplasts and many large air spaces to give a big surface area for the exchange of gases

Question 40

Statins

Answer 40

drugs used to lower blood cholesterol levels and improve the balance of high- to low-density lipoproteins in the blood

Question 41

Stents

Answer 41

a metal mesh placed in a blocked or partially blocked artery. They are used to open up the blood vessel by the inflation of a tiny balloon

Question 42

Translocation

Answer 42

the movement of sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant through the phloem

Question 43

Transpiration

Answer 43

the loss of water vapour from the leaves of plants through the stomata when they are opened to allow gas exchange for photosynthesis. It involves evaporation from the surface of the cells and diffusion through the stomata

Question 44

Veins

Answer 44

blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. They usually carry deoxygenated blood and have valves to prevent the backflow of blood

Question 45

Vena Cava

Answer 45

the large vein that brings deoxygenated blood from the body into the heart

Question 46

Ventricles

Answer 46

chambers of the heart that contract to force blood out of the heart

Question 47

White blood cells

Answer 47

blood cells involved in the immune system of the body. They engulf pathogens and make antibodies and antitoxins

Question 48

Xylem

Answer 48

the non-living transport tissue in plants that transports water from the roots to the leaves and shoots

Question 49

Tumours

Answer 49

A mass of cells that are dividing out of control

Question 50

Benign tumour

Answer 50

growths of abnormal cells that are contained in one area, usually within a membrane, and do not invade other tissues

Question 51

Carcinogen

Answer 51

agents that cause cancer or significantly increase the risk of developing cancer

Question 52

Malignant tumours

Answer 52

invade neighbouring tissues and spread to different parts of the body in the blood where they form secondary tumours. They are also known as cancers

Question 53

Coronary heart disease

Answer 53

A condition caused by the narrowing of the coronary artery

Question 54

Non- communicable disease

Answer 54

A disease which can not be spread.