B2 - Organisation Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is a tissue?
A group of cells with a similar structure and function.
What is an organ?
A structure made up of different tissues that work together to perform a specific function.
What is an organ system?
A group of organs working together to carry out a particular function.
Name the main tissues in the human stomach and their functions.
Muscular (churns food), glandular (produces digestive juices), epithelial (covers inside and outside of stomach).
What is the role of enzymes in the digestive system?
Enzymes catalyse the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small soluble ones.
Where is amylase produced and what does it break down?
Produced in salivary glands, pancreas, and small intestine; breaks down starch into sugars.
What is the function of protease enzymes and where are they produced?
Break down proteins into amino acids; produced in the stomach, pancreas, and small intestine.
What is the function of lipase and where is it produced?
Breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol; produced in the pancreas and small intestine.
What is bile and what is its function?
Bile is a substance produced by the liver that emulsifies fats and neutralises stomach acid.
Describe the test for starch.
Add iodine solution; if starch is present, the solution turns blue-black.
Describe the test for proteins.
Add Biuret solution; if protein is present, the solution turns purple.
What is the role of red blood cells?
To carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body.
How are red blood cells adapted for their function?
They have a biconcave shape, no nucleus, and contain haemoglobin.
What is the function of white blood cells?
To defend the body against infection by engulfing pathogens or producing antibodies.
What is the function of platelets?
To help the blood to clot at the site of a wound.
Name the four components of blood.
Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma.
What is coronary heart disease?
A condition where the coronary arteries become narrowed by a build-up of fatty material.
How can coronary heart disease be treated?
Using stents to keep arteries open or statins to lower blood cholesterol levels.
What is health and what factors affect it?
Health is a state of physical and mental well-being; affected by diet, stress, and life situations.
What is cancer and how do benign and malignant tumours differ?
Cancer is uncontrolled cell growth; benign tumours stay in one place, malignant tumours spread to other tissues.
