Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

biology > B2 - Organisation > Flashcards

B2 - Organisation Flashcards

(66 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

cells

A

the basic building blocks that make up all living organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

specialised cells

A

carry out a particular function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

differentiation

A

the process of cells becoming specialised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

differentiation occurs during

A

the development of a multicellular organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

tissue

A

a group of similar cells that work together to perform a particular function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

muscular tissue in mammals

A

contracts to move whatever it’s attached to

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

glandular tissue in mammals

A

makes and secretes chemicals like enzymes and hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

epithelial tissue in mammals

A

covers some parts of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

organ

A

a group of different tissues that work together to perform a certain function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

muscular tissue in the stomach

A

moves the stomach wall to churn up food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

glandular tissue in the stomach

A

makes digestive juices to digest food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

epithelial tissue in the stomach

A

covers the inside and outside of the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

organ system

A

a group of organs working together to perform a particular function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

enzymes

A

biological catalysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

catalyst

A

a substance which increases the speed of a reaction without being changed or used up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

lock and key model

A
  • every enzyme has an active site with a unique shape that fits onto the substance
  • for the enzyme to work, the substrate has to fit into its active site
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

if the temperature gets too hot, what happens to the enzymes?

A

some of the bonds holding the enzyme together break which changes the shape of the enzymes active site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what two things affect enzymes?

A

temperature and pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

denatured

A

when the shape of an enzymes active site changes so the substrate doesn’t fit anymore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

carbohydrase

A

converts starch into sugars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

where is carbohydrase found?

A

salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

protease

A

converts proteins into amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

where is protease found?

A

stomach, pancreas and small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

lipase

A

convert lipids into glycerol and fatty acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
where is lipase found?
pancreas and small intestine
26
bile
- produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder before being released into the small intestine - alkaline - neutralises the hydrochloric acid from the stomach and makes conditions best for enzymes - emulsifies fats to make digestion faster
27
organs in the digestive system
salivary glands, liver, stomach, gall bladder, pancreas, large intestine, small intestine and rectum
28
salivary glands
produce the amylase enzyme in the saliva
29
liver
where bile is produced to neutralise stomach acid and emulsify fats
30
stomach
pummels the food with muscular walls and produces hydrochloric acid to kill bacteria and give the right pH for the protease enzyme
31
gall bladder
where bile is stored before being released into the small intestine
32
pancreas
produces enzymes before releasing them into the small intestine
33
large intestine
where excess water is absorbed from the food
34
small intestine
produces enzymes and is where digested food is absorbed out of the digestive system and into the blood
35
rectum
where the faeces are stored
36
benedict's test
- tests for sugars | - changes colour to blue, green, yellow or brick red
37
iodine solution
- tests for starch | - changes colour to browny-orange, black or blue-black
38
biuret test
- tests for proteins | - changes colour to blue, pink or purple
39
sudan III test
- tests for lipids | - separates into two layers with a bright red top layer
40
parts of the heart
pulmonary artery, vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary vein, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta
41
how does the heart work?
- blood flows into the two atria from the vena cava and the pulmonary vein - the atria contract, pushing the blood into the ventricles - the ventricles contract, forcing the blood into the pulmonary artery and the aorta, out of the heart - the blood then flows to the organs through arteries and veins before returning to the heart
42
pacemaker
a group of cells in the right atrium wall that control the resting heart rate
43
three blood vessels
arteries, capillaries and veins
44
arteries
- carry blood away from the heart | - walls are thick, strong and elastic to cope with high pressure
45
capillaries
- involved in the exchange of materials at the tissues | - one cell thick and have permeable walls so substances can diffuse in and out
46
veins
- take blood back to the heart | - have valves to keep blood flowing in the right direction because of low pressure
47
calculating rate of blood flow
rate of blood flow = volume of blood / number of minutes
48
four parts of blood
red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma
49
red blood cells
- carry oxygen from the lungs to all cells | - don't have a nucleus to allow room for more oxygen
50
white blood cells
defend against infection through phagocytosis or by producing antibodies
51
platelets
help the blood clot at the wound to stop blood getting out and microorganisms getting in
52
plasma
a pale straw-coloured liquid that carries blood cells, nutrients, carbon dioxide, urea, hormones, proteins, antibodies and antitoxins
53
coronary heart disease
when the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart get blocked by layers of fatty material building up§
54
stents
tubes that are inserted inside arteries to keep them open so blood can pass through
55
advantages of stents
- lower the risk of a heart attack - effective for a long time - recovery time is relatively quick
56
disadvantages of stents
- risk of complications during the operation - risk of infection from surgery - risk of developing a blood clot near the stent
57
cholesterol
an essential lipid that the body produces and needs to function properly
58
stains
drugs that reduce the amount of bad cholesterol present in the bloodstream
59
advantages of stains
- reduce the risk of heart attacks and strokes - can increase the amount of beneficial cholesterol in the bloodstream - may also help prevent some other diseases
60
disadvantages of stains
- could forget to take them - sometimes have negative side effects - the effect isn't instant
61
communicable diseases
diseases that can spread from person to person or between animals and people
62
non-communicable diseases
diseases that can't be spread but generally last for a long time and get worse slowly
63
three things that affect health
diet, stress and life situation
64
cancer
the uncontrolled growth and division is a result of changes that occur to the cells and results in the formation of a tumour
65
benign tumour
- where the tumour grows until there's no more room - stays in one place - isn't dangerous or cancerous
66
malignant tumour
- where the tumour grows and spreads to healthy tissues - cells can break off and spread to other parts of the body by travelling in the bloodstream - they invade healthy tissues to form secondary tumours - dangerous and cancerous

biology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions