B2 Organisation

Question 1

what is a tissue?

Answer 1

it is a group of similar cells that work together to carry out a particular function

Question 2

what are examples of tissues?

Answer 2

• muscular tissue: contract (shortens) to move whatever it attached to
• glandular tissue: males and secretes chemicals like enzymes and hormones
• epithelial tissue: covers some parts of the body e.g. inside of the gut

Question 3

what is an organ?

Answer 3

it is a group of different tissues that work together to perform a certain function

Question 4

give an example of an organ

Answer 4

the stomach

Question 5

what are organ tissues made of?

Answer 5

• muscular tissue: moves the stomach wall to churn up the food
• glandular tissue: makes digestive juices to digest food
• epithelial tissue: covers the outside and inside of the stomach

Question 6

what is an organ system?

Answer 6

it is a group of organs working together to perform a particular function

Question 7

what does the digestive food do?

Answer 7

breaks down and absorbs food

Question 8

what organs is the digestive system made of?

Answer 8

• glands (e.g. pancreas, salivary glands) : produces digestive juices
• stomach and small intestine: digest food
• liver: produces bile
• small intestine: absorbs soluble food molecules
• large intestine: absorbs water from undigested food, leaving faeces

Question 9

what is a chemical reaction?

Answer 9

what make you work

and enzymes are what make the work

Question 10

what is a catalyst?

Answer 10

it is a substance which increases the speed of a reaction, without being changed or used up in the reaction

Question 11

what are enzymes?

Answer 11

they are all large proteins and all proteins are made up of chains of amino acids
these chains re folded Into unique shapes, which enzymes need to do their jobs

Question 12

give examples of big molecules

Answer 12

• starch
• proteins
• fats

Question 13

what does the digestive system do if molecules are too big ?

Answer 13

they break these big molecules down into smaller ones like sugars, amino acids , glycerol and fatty acids

Question 14

give an example of carbohydrase

Answer 14

amylase

Question 15

what does amylase do?

Answer 15

breaks down starch

starch amylase enzyme maltose (and other sugars e.g. dextrins)

Question 16

where is amylase made?

Answer 16

1. the salivary glans
2. the pancreas
3. the small intestine

Question 17

what does protease convert to?

Answer 17

proteins into amino acids

proteins protease enzymes amino acids

Question 18

where are proteases made in?

Answer 18

• the stomach (pepsin)
• the pancreas
• the small intestine

Question 19

what does lipase convert to?

Answer 19

lipases convert to lipids into glycerol and fatty acids

lipid lipase enzymes glycerol ad fatty acids

Question 20

where is lipase made in?

Answer 20

• the pancreas

- the small intestine

Question 21

describe bile

Answer 21

bile is produced in the liver
its stored in the gall bladder before its released into the small intestine
bile neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies fats

Question 22

describe the stomach

Answer 22

it pummels the food with its muscular walls
it produces the protease enzyme, pepsin
it produces hydrochloric acid for 2 reasons:
1. to kill bacteria
2. to give the tight PH for the protease enzyme to work

Question 23

describe the salivary glands

Answer 23

the produce amylase enzyme in the salvia

Question 24

what is the gullet also called?

Answer 24

oesophagus

Question 25

describe the gall bladder

Answer 25

where bile is stored before its released into the small intestine

Question 26

describe the large intestine

Answer 26

where excess water is absorbed from the food

Question 27

describe the pancreas

Answer 27

produces protease, amylase and lipase enzymes

it relates these into the small intestine

Question 28

describe the small intestine

Answer 28

produces protease, amylase and lipase enzymes to complete digestion
this is also where the digested food is absorbed out of the digestive system into the blood

Question 29

what is the circulatory system made up of?

Answer 29

its made up of the heart, blood vessels and blood

Question 30

how many circulatory systems do humans have?

Answer 30

humans have a double circulatory system - two circuits joined together:
- first one: right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs to take in oxygen. blood returns to the heart

• second one: left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood around all the other organs of the body. the blood gives up its oxygen at the body cells and deoxygenated blood returns to the heart to be pumped out to the lungs again

Question 31

what is the heart?

Answer 31

the heart is a pumping organ that keeps the blood flowing around the body
the walls of the heart are mostly made of muscle tissues

Question 32

what does the heart have?

Answer 32

valves to make sure the blood flows in one direction - prevents it flowing backwards

Question 33

how many chambers does the heart have?

Answer 33

4 - to pump blood round

• right atrium
• left atrium
• right ventricle
• left ventricle

Question 34

what do the arteries do?

Answer 34

these carry the blood away from the heart

Question 35

what do the capillaries do?

Answer 35

these are involved in the exchange of materials at the tissues

Question 36

what do the veins do?

Answer 36

these carry the blood to the heart