B2 - Scaling Up

Question 1

What is diffusion?

Answer 1

The net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Question 2

What is Osmosis?

Answer 2

The net movement of water across a membrane.

Question 3

How do you calculate the Water Potential Gradient?

Answer 3

Difference between Water Potential in two areas.

Question 4

What is Water Potential a different way of saying?

Answer 4

Water Concentration.

Question 5

What is a normal cell solution called? (In terms of Water Potential)

Answer 5

Isotonic Solution.

Question 6

What do you call a cell solution that has a really high water potential? (In terms of Water Potential)

Answer 6

Hypo-tonic Solution.

Question 7

What do you call a cell solution that has a really low water potential? (In terms of Water Potential)

Answer 7

Hyper-tonic Solution.

Question 8

What do you call an animal cell in an Isotonic Solution?

Answer 8

Normal.

Question 9

What do you call an animal cell in a Hypo-tonic Solution?

Answer 9

Lysed (Hemolysis).

Question 10

What do you call an animal cell in an Hyper-tonic Solution?

Answer 10

Shriveled (Crenation.)

Question 11

What do you call a plant cell in an Isotonic Solution?

Answer 11

Flaccid.

Question 12

What do you call a plant cell in a Hypo-tonic Solution?

Answer 12

Turgid.

Question 13

What do you call a plant cell in a Hyper-tonic Solution?

Answer 13

Shriveled (Plasmolysis).

Question 14

What is Active Transport?

Answer 14

The net movement of particles against a concentration gradient. Energy is therefore required.

Question 15

How do you calculate rate of diffusion?

Answer 15

Rate of Diffusion =

(Surface Area x Concentration Gradient) ÷ Distance

Question 16

What is required for more efficient diffusion?

Answer 16

A higher Surface Area/Volume ratio.

Question 17

How many ATPs are produced per glucose?

Answer 17

38 ATPs but 2 ATPs are required to start respiration. The net is 36 ATP.

Question 18

What does Benedict’s reagent test for?

Answer 18

Glucose.

Question 19

What does Iodine test for?

Answer 19

Starch.

Question 20

What does Buiret test for?

Answer 20

Protein.

Question 21

How does Blood Flow through the heart?

Answer 21

As the Blood Flows:

1. The Blood goes into the heart downwards, through the Vena Cava.
2. It enters the Right Atrium/
3. It goes through the open Tricuspid Valve into your Right Ventricle.
4. The Tricuspid valve closes.
5. The Right Ventricle contracts and the blood goes through the open semi-ulner valve.
6. It goes up through the Pulmonary Artery.
7. It comes back from the heart through the Pulmonary Vein.
8. It goes into the Left Atrium.
9. It goes down, through the Bicuspid Valve, into the Left Ventricle.
10. The Bicuspid Valve Closes.
11. The Left Ventricle contracts and the blood goes through the open Aortic Valve.
12. The Blood goes into the body through the Aorta.

Question 22

What are the properties of Arteries?

Answer 22

• Thick Outer Wall
• Small Lumen (Diameter)
• A thick layer of muscle and elastic fibres.

This is for High Blood Pressure.

Question 23

What are the properties of Veins?

Answer 23

• Thin Outer Wall
• Large Lumen (Diameter)
• A thin layer of muscle and elastic fibres.

This is for Low Blood Pressure.

Question 24

What are the properties of capillaries?

Answer 24

• 1 cell thick wall.
• 1 cell wide Lumen (Diameter)
• No muscles.
• Can have pores.

Question 25

What’s special about mammal circulatory systems?

Answer 25

We have two.

Question 26

What are the two advantages of mammal circulatory systems?

Answer 26

• Higher Blood Pressure to send the blood long distances.

- Keeps oxygenated and deoxygenated blood separate.

Question 27

What does your blood contain?

Answer 27

• Red Blood Cells (Erythrocyte.)
• White Blood Cell (Leukocytes.)
• Platelets
• Plasma (90% water.)