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Biology > B2: Understanding Our Environment > Flashcards

B2: Understanding Our Environment Flashcards

0
Q

Why may the classification system need to be changed in future

A

Because more species are found and new discoveries

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1
Q

All loving things use to be …. together into 2 kingdoms …… and …… now there are 5 ……..(name all five)

A 
Lumped
Plant and animals 
Protista
Monera
Plants 
Animals
Fungi
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2
Q

What is the name given to the offspring made by two organisms from different species

A

Hybrids

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3
Q

Are hybrids fertile ?

A

Nah

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4
Q

What was the earliest group of organisms ?

A

Monera then Protista

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5
Q

The five kingdoms are divided into ….. Which is divided into …… Each …… Into …….. Divided into …….. Which is divided into ……… And each …. Into …….

A 
Phyla 
Classes
Class
Orders
Families
Genera
Genus 
Species
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6
Q

Species inherit characteristics so we expect similar species to be closely related to a …..

A

common ancestor

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7
Q

Not all organisms with similar characteristics descended from a common ancestor why?

A

They may have evolved in the same environment so developed similar structures

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8
Q

What is artificial classification

A

Artificial classification is based on observation

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9
Q

What is natural classification

A

Natural classification focuses on natural relationships between organisms including internal and external features

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10
Q

Invertebrates are ?

A

Animals with no backbone

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11
Q

Name the four different classes of arthropods

A

Crustacean
Myriapod
Insect
Arachnid

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12
Q

Name the features of an insect

A

6 legs, antennae

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13
Q

Name the features of myriapod

A

8-750 legs, antennae

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14
Q

What is a food chain

A

A food chain shows the transfer of energy from organism to organism

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15
Q

Tropic level ?

A

The position stage down organism occupies in the food chain

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16
Q

Give examples as to why biomass and energy Is lost every tropic level

A

Movement,
respiration
execration,
Engestion

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17
Q

Energy efficiency ?

A

= Energy converted into biomass divided into total energy taken in x 100

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18
Q

Name 2 recycled elements

A

Carbon and nitrogen

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19
Q

The first step in the carbon cycle

A

Carbon dioxide is removed from the air for photosynthesis

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20
Q

The second part of the carbon cycle

A

Plants and animals respire by releasing carbon dioxide back into that atmosphere

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21
Q

Describe the third part of the carbon cycle

A

Soil, bacteria fungi are all decomposers they eat dead plants and animals they breakdown decay and release carbon dioxide into the air.
Making these elements available again to other living organisms.

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22
Q

Carbon is also a recycled in the sea explain?

A

Marine organism shells are made of carbonates

The shells drop to the seabed as organisms by and fossilise over many years

Limestone rock is formed, volcanic eruptions heat the limestone and release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere

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23
Q

Carbon dioxide is released during …..

A

Weathering

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24
Q

Air is made up of?

A

78% nitrogen
21% oxygen
1% other gases

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25
Q

Nitrogen is needed for what?

A

The production of proteins which is needed for growth in plants and animals

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26
Q

There is lots of nitrogen in the air but ?

A

Plants can’t use it because it is so unreactive

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27
Q

Explain the nitrogen cycle

A

Plants take in nitrate from the soil and produce

Animals eat plants and use the nitrogen to make animal proteins

Decomposers break down dead plants and animals and release nitrates back into the soil

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28
Q

Nitrogen fixing bacteria?

A

Converts atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates in the soil

29
Q

Nitrifying bacteria?

A

Congrats ammonium compounds into nitrates in the soil

30
Q

Denitrifying bacteria ?

A

Converts nitrates in the soil and ammonium compounds into nitrates in the atmosphere

31
Q

Lightning causes what?

A

Oxygen and nitrogen to combine to form nitrogen oxides

32
Q

What do animals compete for?

4 examples

A

Mates
Food
Shelter
Water

33
Q

What do plants compete for ?

3 examples

A

Light
Water
Minerals

34
Q

What are the two types of competition

A

Interspecific and intraspecific

35
Q

Interspecific competition ?

A

Where individuals of different species compete for the same things

36
Q

Intraspecific competition?

A

Where animals from the same species compete for the same resources in an ecosystem

37
Q

What does ecological niche mean?

A

Place and function

38
Q

In nature there is a deliberate balance between predator and prey why ?

A

Because if the population of predators increase there will be a decrease in prey, which will lead to a Decrease in the predator population as there it’s enough food .

39
Q

What is a parasite?

A

Organisms that eat other organisms

40
Q

What is a host ?

A

The organisms that parasites live off

41
Q

An example of a mutualistic relationship?

A

Buffalo and oxpecker bird

42
Q

Adaptations to very cold environments help organisms to survive give examples

A
  • well insulated to reduce heat loss

- behavioural adaptations such as hedgehogs that hibernate in the winter and Birds that migrate to warmer climates

43
Q

Heat exchange blood flow ?

A
44
Q

What are extremophiles ?

A

Organisms that are biochemically adapted to extreme conditions

They have enzymes that work at different optimum conditions

45
Q

What are specialists and generalists

A

Specialist are only suited to certain habitats

Generalists can live in a range of habitats

46
Q

Name a few features of predators ?

A 
Camouflage 
Sharpe teeth 
Claws to grab and kill 
Binocular vision 
Hunting strategy
47
Q

Name the features of prey ?

A

Built for speed so they can escape
Monocular vision
They live in groups to increase opportunities for detecting and confusing predators

48
Q

Natural selection

A

Long for man look in da book

49
Q

The human population is ……. at a rapid rate because birth rates are …… death rates

A

Increasing

Exceeding

50
Q

Lots of pollution is produced because of

A

Household waste and sewage

Sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide

51
Q

Carbon footprint is the term used to refer to ……

A

The amount of greenhouse gasses a person or event is responsible for

52
Q

Ozone is a ……… Found high up in the earths atmosphere

A

Natural gas

53
Q

The ozone layer prevents too many harmful ultraviolet rays(UV) reaching the earth, A consequence of harmful UV rays ?

A

Skin cancer

54
Q

Acid rain is caused by?

A

Burning fossil fuels which release gases like sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides

55
Q

Acid rain causes?

A

Metals corrode
dissolving of rocks and statues destruction of forest
and lakes becoming acidic

56
Q

Heat energy from the sun is ……. from the Earth’s surface back out towards space. When it reaches the atmosphere some ….. past thru some get ….. in by the …… layer
These trapped rays keep the earth……

A 
Reflected 
Rays 
Trapped 
Carbon dioxide 
Warm
57
Q

Amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased this has led to more energy being reflected back
This is known as ?

A

Global warming

58
Q

The earth is getting ……… due to global warming

A

Hotter

59
Q

What is a sustainable resource

A

A resource that can be used and replaced so it isn’t exhausted

60
Q

Resources can be used while being sustained by using ?

A

Quotas and making sure resources are replaced

61
Q

As the population increases rapidly the demand for ….. and ……. also increases

A

Food and energy

62
Q

Endangered species?

A

Species that are in danger of becoming extinct

63
Q

If individuals or their habitats fall below ……. the organism is …….. which means they face extremely high risk of ….

A

Critical level
Critically endangered
Extinction

64
Q

What is worse being critically endangered or endangered

A

Critically endangered

65
Q

The survival of plants or animals can be threatened by

A

Climate change
destruction of habitats
increase in competition for food shelter etc.
and pollution

66
Q

Endangered species can be protected by?

A 
Educating people about sustainability
breeding animals in captivity 
protecting natural habitats 
creating artificial ecosystems (zoos)
Legal protection
67
Q

Whales species are now endangered the main reasons of whale death are?

A

Colliding with ships during migration hunting
drowning whilst being tangled in fishing nets
pollution

68
Q

What can you make with whales ?

A

Cosmetics
Food
Oil
tourist attraction

69
Q

Whales can be conserved by?

A

Captive breeding in zoos

70
Q

Read the last section of B-2 about sustainability and Whales

A

Biology (1 decks)

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