B2.1 - Cells Flashcards
(24 cards)
What are all living things made of?
Cells
What are in animal cells?
Cytoplasm
Cell Membrane
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
What are in plant cells?
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Chloroplasts
Vacuole
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
What is the role of the nucleus in plants and animals?
It contains the cell’s genetic material that controls the activities of the cell.
What is the role of cytoplasm in animals and plants?
This is where most of the chemical reactions occur. This contains enzymes that control the chemical reactions.
What is the role of a cell membrane in animals and plants?
It holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out.
What is the role of mitochondria in animals and plants?
These are where most of the reactions for respiration take place.
What is the role of ribosomes in plant and animal cells?
These are where proteins are made in the cells.
What is the role of a cell wall in an animal cell?
They allow for the plant’s shape to be maintained. They are made of cellulose.
What is the role of a chloroplast in a plant cell?
They contain chlorophyll which is used for photosynthesis.
What is the role of a permanent vacuole in a plant cell?
They are filled with cell sap to keep the cell tight and turgid.
What does turgid mean in the context of a plant cell|?
Turgid means that it is full of liquid, so the plant retains its shape.
What are the main parts of a bacterial cell?
Bacterial cells have cytoplasm, a cell membrane, and a cell wall. They do not have a nucleus so the genetic material floats in the cytoplasm.
What are the main parts of a yeast cell?
Yeast is a microorganism which has a nucleus, cytoplasm, and a cell membrane surrounded by a cell wall.
What is diffusion?
Diffusion is the spreading out of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. It stops when there is an even concentration throughout (net equilibrium).
How do dissolved substances move in and out of cells?
Dissolved substances move in and out of cells by diffusion.
How does the concentration of a substance affect the rate of diffusion?
The greater the difference in concentration, the faster the rate of diffusion.
How does oxygen, needed for respiration, pass through cell membranes?
Oxygen, needed for respiration, passes through cell membranes by diffusion.
How is a sperm cell adapted to its function?
Flagella for swimming to the egg
Streamlined shape to aid swimming
Enzymes in head to digest wall of egg
Packed with mitochondria for energy
How are red blood cells adapted to their function?
Thin outer membrane to let oxygen diffuse through easily.
Shape increases the surface area to allow more oxygen to be absorbed efficiently.
No nucleus, so the whole cell is full of haemoglobin so more oxygen can be carried.
How is a nerve cell adapted to its function?
Long axon
Synapses to connect to other nerve cells
How are palisade cells adapted to their function?
Packed with chloroplasts to absorb light.
Placed at the top of the leaf to maximise absorption.J
How are root hair cells adapted to their function?
Long ‘finger-like’ process with very thin wall, which gives a large surface area.
No chloroplasts as they are underground.
When does diffusion stop?
It stops when there is an even concentration throughout (net equilibrium).
