B2.1 Cells and simple cell transport

Question 1

What are all living things made up of?

Answer 1

Cells

Question 2

What is an animal cell made up of?

Answer 2

• Nucleus
• Cytoplasm
• Cell membrane
• Ribosomes
• Mitochondria

Question 3

What is the nucleus?

Answer 3

The genetic material which controls the activities of all cells

Question 4

What is the cytoplasm?

Answer 4

Jelly-like substance containing all of the cell’s organelles, most cellular processes occur there.

Question 5

What is the cell membrane?

Answer 5

A partially permeable barrier regulating the substances which enter and leave the cell.

Question 6

What are the mitochondria?

Answer 6

The site of respiration where energy is released.

Question 7

What are the ribosomes?

Answer 7

The site of protein synthesis

Question 8

What parts does a plant cell have in addition to an animal cell?

Answer 8

• Cell wall
• Chloroplasts
• Permanent vacuole

Question 9

What is the cell wall?

Answer 9

A rigid external coat made up of cellulose supporting the plant cell

Question 10

Why don’t animal cells need a cell wall?

Answer 10

They have a skeleton which does the job

Question 11

What is the permanent vacuole?

Answer 11

A cell sap filled cavity containing water and nutrients

Question 12

What are the chloroplasts?

Answer 12

Sites of photosynthesis

Question 13

What pigment do chloroplasts contain?

Answer 13

Chlorophyll

Question 14

What is a yeast cell?

Answer 14

A single celled fungus

Question 15

What is a yeast cell made up of?

Answer 15

• Cell wall
• Cell membrane
• Nucleus
• Cytoplasm

Question 16

What are two uses of yeast?

Answer 16

• Making bread (using aerobic respiration)

- Fermentation (using anaerobic respiration - glucose —> carbon dioxide + ethanol)

Question 17

What is a bacterium cell made up of?

Answer 17

• Cell wall
• Cell membrane
• Cytoplasm
• Strands of genetic material (no nucleus)

Question 18

What are two uses of bacteria?

Answer 18

• Making cheese

- Making yoghurt

Question 19

What are the adaptations of a fat cell for its function? (3)

Answer 19

• Little cytoplasm (more room for fat)
• Little mitochondria (they use little energy)
• They can expand x1000 (more room for fat)

Question 20

What are the adaptations of a sperm cell? (3)

Answer 20

• Long tails (to swim to the egg cell)
• Middle full of mitochondria (more energy to swim)
• Head full of acrosome (stores digestive enzymes to break down egg cell)

Question 21

What are the adaptations of a palisade cell? (4)

Answer 21

• Packed with chloroplasts
• Chloroplasts closer to the top of the cell
• Thin shape (more of them can fit at the top of the leaf)
• Tall shape (more surface area on the side - more CO2 absorbed)

Question 22

What are the adaptations of a guard cell? (5)

Answer 22

• Special kidney shape which opens and closes stomata
• Lots of water = guard cells go plump and turgid, opening stomata
• Small amount of water = guard cells go flaccid, closing stomata
• Thin outer walls and thickened inner walls make this work
• Sensitive to light, they close at night (no photosynthesis happening)

Question 23

What are the adaptations of a red blood cell?

Answer 23

• Biconcave shape - large surface area for oxygen, easy to pass through capillaries
• Full of haemoglobin
• No nucleus - more space for haemoglobin

Question 24

What is haemoglobin?

Answer 24

A pigment which absorbs oxygen

Question 25

What is diffusion?

Answer 25

The net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 26

The bigger the difference in concentration between two areas, the ------ the diffusion rate.

Answer 26

Faster

Question 27

What must particles diffuse across in body cells?

Answer 27

The cell membrane

Question 28

What can diffuse across the cell membrane and why?

Answer 28

``` Only small molecules (e.g oxygen and glucose needed for respiration, amino acids and water) Bigger molecules (e.g starch and proteins) can't fit through the membrane. ```

Question 29

Describe how diffusion occurs in body cells.

Answer 29

Useful particles move from the blood (where there is a lot of them) to the cell (where there isn't a lot of them)

Question 30

What physical state can diffusion occur in?

Answer 30

Liquids and gases