B2.1 - Cells And Simple Cell Transport Flashcards
(22 cards)
What is the function of the nucleus?
Controlling the activities in the cell.
What happens in the cytoplasm?
Most of the chemical reactions.
What is the purpose of the cell membrane?
To control which substances enter and leave the cell.
What happens in the mitochondria?
Most of the reactions for respiration take place here, and energy is released.
What happens in the ribosomes?
Proteins are made (protein synthesis).
What features are there in plant cells that are not in animal cells? (3)
- Chloroplasts.
- Permanent vacuole.
- Cell wall.
What is the purpose of a cell wall?
To support and strengthen the cell.
What does a vacuole do?
Control the water content of the cell.
What is the vacuole filled with?
Cell sap.
What do chloroplasts do?
The chlorophyll in the chloroplasts absorb light energy for photosynthesis.
What are the features of a yeast cell? (4)
- Nucleus.
- Cytoplasm.
- Cell membrane.
- Cell wall.
What is unusual about a bacterial cell?
The genetic material floats about in the cytoplasm because they do not have a nucleus.
What are the features of a bacterial cell? (4)
- Cytoplasm.
- Cell membrane.
- Cell wall.
- Genetic material.
How are red blood cells adapted to carry oxygen?
- Concave shape - Greater surface area for oxygen to bind to/can pass through capillaries more smoothly.
- Full of haemoglobin - Absorbs oxygen.
- No nucleus - More room for haemoglobin.
How are palisade leaf cells adapted for photosynthesis? (3)
- Full of chloroplasts - Where photosynthesis occurs.
- Tall shape - Larger surface area for absorbing CO2.
- Thin shape - More can be packed at the top of the leaf.
How are guard cells adapted to open and close pores? (5)
- Kidney shape - Opens and closes the stomata.
- Plump and turgid when the plant is full of water - The stomata open and gases can be exchanged for photosynthesis.
- Flaccid when the plant is short of water - The stomata close, which prevents water from escaping.
- Thin outer walls and thick inner walls - What makes the opening and closing work.
- Sensitive to light - Close at night, save water without losing out on photosynthesis.
What is the function of guard cells?
Controlling gas exchange and water loss within a leaf.
What are the components of an animal cell? (5)
- Nucleus.
- Cytoplasm.
- Cell membrane.
- Mitochondria.
- Ribosomes.
How are sperm cells specialised? (4)
- Streamlined head - Can swim faster.
- Long tail - To propel itself.
- Mitochondria - Provide lots of energy.
- Carry enzymes in their head - To digest the egg cell membrane.
What is diffusion?
The spreading out of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Dissolved substances can move in and out of cells by ___.
Diffusion.
What are examples of molecules that cannot diffuse through a cell membrane and why?
Starch and proteins because they are too big.
