B2.1 Cells and Simple Cell Transport

Question 1

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 1

controls the activities of the cell

Question 2

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Answer 2

Where most chemical reactions take place

Question 3

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 3

controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell

Question 4

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 4

where most of the energy is released in respiration

Question 5

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 5

where protein synthesis occurs- where proteins are made. Mitochondria provides the energy for the process

Question 6

What extra parts do plant and algae cells have?

Answer 6

cell wall, chloroplasts, permanent vacuole

Question 7

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Answer 7

absorb light energy to make food by photosynthesis

Question 8

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 8

made of cellulose, strengthens the cell

Question 9

What is the permanent vacuole filled with?

Answer 9

Cell sap

Question 10

Describe the structure of a bacterial cell

Answer 10

cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, genes are not in a distinct nucleus

Question 11

Describe the structure of a yeast cell

Answer 11

single celled organism, nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall

Question 12

Why may cells be specialised?

Answer 12

to carry out a particular function

Question 13

How do dissolved substances move in and out of cells?

Answer 13

by DIFFUSION

Question 14

What is diffusion?

Answer 14

The spreading out of particles of gas or any substance in solution, resulting in a net movement from a region where they are of a higher concentration to a region with a lower concentration.

The greater the difference in concentration, the faster the rate of diffusion.

Question 15

How does oxygen required for photosynthesis pass through cell membranes?

Answer 15

by DIFFUSION

Question 16

How are palisade leaf cells adapted for photosynthesis?

Answer 16

Packed with lots of chloroplasts at the top of the cell.

Tall shape- larger surface area exposed down the side for absorbing CO2

Question 17

Describe how guard cells are adapted to open and close stomata in leaves

Answer 17

Sensitive to light -close at night to save water

special kidney shape which opens and closes stomata

Question 18

Describe how red blood cells are adapted to carry oxygen

Answer 18

concave shape- larger surface area for absorbing oxygen and allows them to pass through smoothly through capillaries.

no nucleus- more room for haemoglobin- pigment that absorbs oxygen

Question 19

Describe how sperm cells are specialised for reproduction

Answer 19

long tail and streamlined head to help it swim fast

lots of mitochondria in cell to provide it with energy

carries enzymes in the head to digest through the egg cell membrane

Question 20

Describe how egg cells are specialised for reproduction

Answer 20

contains huge food reserves to feed the embryo

membrane changes structure to stop any other getting in after first sperm to make sure offspring gets the right amount of DNA

Question 21

What do most human and animal cells have?

Answer 21

nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes

Question 22

Explain how oxygen passes from the blood to the mitochondria in cells

Answer 22

by diffusion

from high to low concentration

through cell membranes

Question 23

Describe how the ribosomes and mitochondria help a cell to make enzymes

Answer 23

ribosomes make proteins

using amino acids

mitochondria provides the energy for this process