B2.2 Divide and Develop Key words

Question 1

Anabolic Steroids

Answer 1

Hormones that promote cell growth and division, especially in muscle and bone tissue. Taken by some athletes to build muscle.

Question 2

Cancer Cell

Answer 2

A cell that divides uncontrollably due to faulty genes. It has no Hayflick limit.

Question 3

Cell Division

Answer 3

The process through which one cell splits into two daughter cells.

Question 4

Chromosomes

Answer 4

Long DNA molecules that carry genetic information.

Question 5

Continuous Variable

Answer 5

A variable that shows a gradual variation in data across a population. One example is height.

Question 6

Differentiation

Answer 6

In cells, the process whereby new cells develop special characteristics to allow them to do their job.

Question 7

Diploid

Answer 7

A cell that contains the full set of 46 chromosomes.

Question 8

Distribution

Answer 8

The range of geographical locations in which a plant is found.

Question 9

Dry Weight

Answer 9

The weight of an object or organism (usually plant matter) that has had its water content removed.

Question 10

Elongation

Answer 10

The increase in the length of plant cells when they absorb water during growth.

Question 11

Embryo

Answer 11

The collection of cells that grows from a fertilised egg in animals. The next stage in development after the zygote.

Question 12

Foetus

Answer 12

The name for an embryo after the eighth week of development in the womb.

Question 13

Full-term

Answer 13

The end of a pregnancy, between 37 and 40 weeks after conception, when the baby is fully developed for life outside the womb.

Question 14

Gametes

Answer 14

Sex cells, such as sperm, ova and pollen.

Question 15

Genes

Answer 15

Sequences of DNA inside chromosomes that control the characteristics of an organism.

Question 16

Genetic Modification

Answer 16

Changing the genetic characteristics of an organism by manipulating genes and introducing them into DNA.

Question 17

Growth

Answer 17

A permanent increase in the size or mass of an organism.

Question 18

Growth Factor

Answer 18

A substance that stimulates the growth of cells. Artificial growth factors may be used to enhance the way the body works.

Question 19

Haploid

Answer 19

A cell that contains 23 (half ) the full number of chromosomes. Produced by meiosis.

Question 20

Hormones

Answer 20

Chemicals produced by a living organism which regulate growth, metabolism, and other important processes.

Question 21

Impotence

Answer 21

The inability to produce offspring.

Question 22

Inheritance

Answer 22

A term used to describe the passing of genes from parents to offspring.

Question 23

Initiation

Answer 23

The process by which plants start to produce fruit.

Question 24

Meiosis

Answer 24

A type of cell division that produces sex cells with half the full number of chromosomes.

Question 25

Mitosis

Answer 25

A type of cell division that produces cells for growth, repair or the replacement of older cells.

Question 26

Nucleus

Answer 26

In biology the part of both plant and animal cells that contain its genetic material (chromosomes and DNA). It directs and controls the activities of the cell.

Question 27

Nutrients

Answer 27

The chemicals needed by an organism to grow.

Question 28

Organ

Answer 28

A collection of different tissues working together to perform a particular function.

Question 29

Ovum

Answer 29

An egg cell, found in females.

Question 30

Regeneration

Answer 30

The special ability of some organisms to regrow parts of their bodies.

Question 31

Selective Breeding

Answer 31

Breeding plants or animals from individuals that have the characteristics you most want.

Question 32

Species

Answer 32

A group of living things sharing the same characteristics.

Question 33

Sperm

Answer 33

A male sex cell.

Question 34

Stem cells

Answer 34

Cells that have the ability to become any type of cell in an organism. Found in large quantities in developing embryos.

Question 35

Termination

Answer 35

Deliberately ending a pregnancy.

Question 36

Tissue

Answer 36

A collection of similar cells that perform the same function.

Question 37

Viability

Answer 37

The ability of a foetus to live outside the womb.

Question 38

Wet Weight

Answer 38

The weight of a living organism, including its water content.

Question 39

Zygote

Answer 39

An ovum that has been fertilised by a sperm cell.