B2.5 Flashcards
(46 cards)
What are protein molecules made of
Long chains of amino acids
Why are the long chains of amino acids folded
To produce a specific shape that enables other molecules to fit into the protein
Proteins act as :
Structural components of tissues such as muscles
Hormones
Antibodies
Catalysts
Enzymes
What do catalysts do
Increase the rate of reaction
What are enzymes
Biological catalysts made of long chains of amino acids
What is vital for the enzymes function
The shape of the enzymes
What changes the shape of the enzyme
High temperatures
What do different enzymes work best at
Different ph values
Where do some enzymes work
Outside the body
What are the digestive enzymes produced by
Specialised cells in glands and in the lining of the gut
What do the digestive enzymes do (2)
The enzymes pass out of the specialised cells into the gut where they come into contact with food molecules
They catalyse the breakdown of large molecules into smaller ones
What enzyme breaks down carbohydrates
Amylase or carbohydrase
Where is amylase produced
Salivary glands
Pancreas
Small intestine
What does amylase do
Catalyses the breakdown of starch into sugars
Where does amylase work
Mouth and small intestine
Where is protease produced
Stomach
Pancreas
Small intestine
What does protease do
Catalyses the breakdown of protein into amino acids
Where does protease work
Stomach and small intestine
Where is lipase produced
Pancreas
small intestine
What does lipase do
Break down of lipids into fatty acids and glycerol
Where does lipase work
Small intestine
What does the stomach produce
Hydrochloric acid
Why does the stomach produce HCl
Kill bacteria
Right ph for protease to work
Where is Bile produced
Liver
