B28 Ellis

Question 1

Give a rough overview as to what collagen is

Answer 1

Fibrous protein
Long stiff, triple helical structure
Most collagen Type 1, 2, 3

Question 2

Where is type one collagen found

Answer 2

In the debris of the skin
Bone
Tendon

Question 3

What si the arrangement of type one collagen

Answer 3

Close dense packed fibres

Question 4

What’s I the site of synthesis for type one collagen

Answer 4

Fibroblasts mostly

Question 5

What si the function of type 1 collagen

Answer 5

Resist Tension

Question 6

Where is toe 2 collagen found

Answer 6

Hyaline dn elastic cartilage

Question 7

What si the arrangement of type 2 collagen

Answer 7

Loose collagenous network

Fibrils in a ground substance

Question 8

What is the site of synthesis for type 2 collagen

Answer 8

Chondroblasts

Question 9

What si the function of type 2 collagen

Answer 9

Resist intermittent pressure

Question 10

Where is type 3 collagen found

Answer 10

Smooth muscle
Lungs
Arteries

Question 11

What si the arrangement of type 3 collagen

Answer 11

Reticular fibres

Question 12

Where is type 3 collagen syn

Answer 12

Smooth muscle
Reticularis cells
Fibroblasts

Question 13

What si type 3 collagen function

Answer 13

Structure maintenance in expandable organs

Question 14

Where is type 4 collagen found

Answer 14

In the basal lamina

Basement mem

Question 15

What is the arrangement of type 4 collagen

Answer 15

Thin
Amorphous
Not fibres or fibrils

Question 16

Where is type 4 collagen synthesised

Answer 16

Epi snd endo cells
Muscle cells
Schwann cells

Question 17

What si the purpose of type 4 collagen

Answer 17

Support and filtration

Question 18

What is a glycosaminoglycan

Answer 18

Unbranched polysaccharide composed of repeating disaccharide units

Question 19

What does the disaccharide repeating unit in gags composed of

Answer 19

One amino sugar

Uronic acid

Question 20

Give an important gag example

Answer 20

Hyaluronan

Question 21

Is hyaluoronana sulphated

Answer 21

No

Question 22

What si the structure of hyaluronan

Answer 22

N - acetylglucosamine with glucoronic acid

Question 23

What sia biological mem

Answer 23

Boundary all cells allowing various means of transport

Passively actively or ion channels

Question 24

What does a membrane prevent

Answer 24

Prevent molecules generated from inside the cell form leaking out and unwanted molecules form diffusing in; yet have trans system to uptake sp mols

Question 25

What si selective perm

Answer 25

Dynamic structure proteins Float in lipids Fluid mosaic structure Cells can mediate sp mechanism

Question 26

Are membranes symmetrical

Answer 26

No the are asymmetric | Always differ

Question 27

What are lipids

Answer 27

Water insoluble bio molecules that are highly soluble in organic solvents

Question 28

What are the roles of lipids

Answer 28

Highly concentrated energy stores Fuel molecules Signal molecules and messengers in signal transduction Mem components

Question 29

What are the three kinds of membrane lipids

Answer 29

Phospholipids Glycolioids Cholesterol

Question 30

What si the makeup of a lipid

Answer 30

Hydrophobic component - tail fatty acid chains | Hydrophillic component - head choline phosphate glycerol

Question 31

What are glycolioids

Answer 31

Sugar containing lipid derived form sphingosine

Question 32

In a glycolipid what is the sugar attached to

Answer 32

Primary hydroxyl group rather than phosphate

Question 33

What are glycolipids used for

Answer 33

Cell cell recognition

Question 34

What does cholesterol influence mem

Answer 34

Fluidity

Question 35

What si the structure of cholesterol

Answer 35

4 ring steroid Hydroxyl (Hydroxyl head interacts with phospholipids)

Question 36

What si the lipid bilayer role

Answer 36

Both solvent for the integral mem protiens and a perm barrier

Question 37

What controls mem fluidity

Answer 37

Fatty acid composition and cholesterol content length of chains, saturation of chain

Question 38

What are the general principles of cell signalling

Answer 38

``` Cellular responses Intracellular signal pathways Molecular switches Levels of regulation Intercellular signalling pathways ```

Question 39

What si a common way of switching a signal on or off

Answer 39

By phsphorylation Using kinase to phos Phosphatase to dephos

Question 40

What is needed for phosphorylation s

Answer 40

Serine threonine Tyrosine

Question 41

What is a cytoskeleton

Answer 41

Intricate network of protien filaments extend thro cell

Question 42

What does the cytoskeleton need

Answer 42

Support and shape Direct movement Sep chromosomes Cellular movement

Question 43

What is the sytosjleotn composed of

Answer 43

Actin filament Intermediate filaments Microtubules

Question 44

What makes up the actin filaments

Answer 44

Actin Long thin fibres 3D

Question 45

What do the actin filaments allow

Answer 45

Cell movement Cell division Ohagcoytosis Shape contraction - myosin

Question 46

What are microtubules composed of

Answer 46

Alpha and beta tubulin | Long cylindrical hollow rods

Question 47

What do microtubules determine

Answer 47

Determine cell shape Movement Sep chromosomes

Question 48

What helps stabilise the microtubules

Answer 48

Map | Extend form centrosome

Question 49

What structure are intermediate filaments

Answer 49

Role structure

Question 50

What do the intermediate filaments allow

Answer 50

Mechanical strength

Question 51

What is a macromolecule

Answer 51

Molecule such as a protein, nucleic acid or polysaccharide with a molecular mass > 1000 Dalton's