B3

Question 1

What is a tissue ?

Answer 1

A group of cells with similar structure and function working together .

Question 2

What is an example of a tissue ?

Answer 2

Muscular tissue and glandular tissue

Question 3

What is the function of muscular tissue ?

Answer 3

They contract to bring about movement

Question 4

What is the function of glandular tissue ?

Answer 4

Contains secretory cells that can produce and release substances such as enzymes and hormones .

Question 5

What is an organ ?

Answer 5

A collection of tissues

Question 6

What is an example of an organ and what tissues does it contain ?

Answer 6

The stomach and it contains , muscular tissue , glandular tissue and epithelial tissue .

Question 7

What is another example of an organ ?

Answer 7

The pancreas

Question 8

What are the two most important functions of the pancreas ?

Answer 8

It makes hormones to control blood sugar , as well as some enzymes that digest food . It contains two very different types of tissue which produce the secretions .

Question 9

What is an organ system ?

Answer 9

A group of organs

Question 10

What is an organism ?

Answer 10

Made up of a number of multiceullar organisms working together .

Question 11

What are the three main organ systems ?

Answer 11

Digestive system , circulatory system and gas exchange system .

Question 12

What is the process of digestion ?

Answer 12

1. Mouth
2. Gullet
3. Diaphragm
4. Liver
5. Stomach
6. Pancreas
7. Large intestine
8. Small intestine
9. Rectum
10. Anus

Question 13

What is the function of the mouth ?

Answer 13

Mechanical digestion takes place here . The teeth chew the food into smaller pieces , amylase enzymes in saliva start digesting starch into maltose

Question 14

What is the function of the oesophagus ?

Answer 14

The tube that connects the mouth to the stomach

Question 15

What is the function of the stomach ?

Answer 15

Food is mechanically digested-by churning actions while protease enzymes start to chemically digest proteins . Hydrochloric acid is present to kill bacteria and so enzymes can work properly .

Question 16

What is the function of the small intestine ?

Answer 16

Food coming out of the stomach finishes being digested by enzymes produced here and also secreted from the pancreas. Ph of the small intestine is slightly alkaline .

Question 17

What is the function of the large intestine ?

Answer 17

Water is absorbed from remaining material in the colon to produce faeces . Faeces is tored in the rectum and removed through the anus

Question 18

What is the function of the pancreas ?

Answer 18

Produces all three types of digestive enzymes: amylase, protease and lipase. Secretes enzymes in alkaline fluid into the duodenum for digestion to raise ph of fluid coming out of the stomach

Question 19

What is the function of the liver ?

Answer 19

Produces Bile to emulsify fats an example of mechanical digestion
Amino acids not used to make proteins broken down here .

Question 20

What is the function of the gall bladder ?

Answer 20

Stores bile to release into duodenum required

Question 21

What is metabolism ?

Answer 21

The sum of all the reactions happening in the body .

Question 22

What is an enzyme ?

Answer 22

Enzymes are biological catalysts made from protein , they speed up chemical reactions in cells .

Question 23

What are the three main compounds that make up the structure of a cell ?

Answer 23

Carbohydrates,lipids and proteins

Question 24

What do carbohydrates provide us with ?

Answer 24

Provide us with the fuel that makes all of the other reactions of life possible

Question 25

What are all carbohydrates made up of ?

Answer 25

They are all made up of units of sugars

Question 26

What is the best known unit of sugar as a carbohydrate ?

Answer 26

Glucose

Question 27

What are the small carbohydrates units referred to ?

Answer 27

Simple sugars

Question 28

Complex carbohydrates such as starch and cellulose are made up of....

Answer 28

Long chains of simple sugar units bonded together

Question 29

What are the main carbohydrate rich foods ?

Answer 29

Bread , potatoes rice and pasta

Question 30

What will most of the carbohydrates be broken down to and what will this be used for ?

Answer 30

Broken down to glucose used in respiration to provide energy for metabolic reactions in your cells .

Question 31

What are examples of lipids ?

Answer 31

Fats and oils

Question 32

Why are lipids important ?

Answer 32

Because they are the most efficient energy store in your body and an important source of energy in your diet

Question 33

What are lipids made up of ?

Answer 33

Made up of 3 molecules of fatty acids joined to a molecule of glycerol

Question 34

What are proteins used for ?

Answer 34

Proteins are used for building up the cells and tissues of your body , as well as the basis of your enzymes

Question 35

What is a proteins molecule made up of ?

Answer 35

Long chains of small units called amino acids

Question 36

What are three functions of protein in your body ?

Answer 36

1. Structural components of tissues such as muscles and tendons 2. Hormones such as insulin 3. Antibodies

Question 37

What is the test for starch ? What colour does the solution turn if starch is present ?

Answer 37

Iodine test and it turns blue black if starch is present

Question 38

What is the test for sugars ? What colour does the solution go if sugar is present ?

Answer 38

Benedict's solution and it turns red if sugars are present

Question 39

What is the test for protein ? What colour does the solution go if it is present ?

Answer 39

Buiret test and the solution turns purple if protein is present

Question 40

What is the test for lipids ? What colour does the solution go if it is present ?

Answer 40

Ethanol test and it turns cloudy

Question 41

What is an enzyme ?

Answer 41

A biological catalyst that speeds up the rate of reaction

Question 42

What are enzymes in terms of molecules ?

Answer 42

Large protein molecules

Question 43

What is vital for an enzyme to function

Answer 43

The shape of it

Question 44

What is the active site ?

Answer 44

It is where the substrate binds with an enzyme and reacts in the active site when it combines

Question 45

What is the simple method of how enzymes work

Answer 45

The lock and key theory

Question 46

What are the 3 steps to the lock and key theory ?

Answer 46

1. Substrate and enzyme bind together fitting into the active site 2. Substrate splits into products that leave the active site 3. The enzyme is ready to use again

Question 47

Different enzymes catalyse specific types of metabolic reactions , what are they ?

Answer 47

. Building large molecules from lots of smaller ones . Changing one molecule into another . Breaking down large molecules into smaller ones

Question 48

What are two main factors that affect the rate of enzyme action ?

Answer 48

Temperature and ph

Question 49

What happens to enzymes as temperature increases ?

Answer 49

The rate of reaction increases .

Question 50

What happens to the enzymes when the temperature is too much ?

Answer 50

They denature and shrivel up , the active site shape changes

Question 51

What temperature do human enzymes work best at ?

Answer 51

37 degrees

Question 52

Do different enzymes work best at different ph levels ?

Answer 52

Yes

Question 53

What are the enzymes called that break down carbohydrates ?

Answer 53

Carbohydrase

Question 54

What are the enzymes called that break down protiens ?

Answer 54

Protease enzymes

Question 55

Where are protease enzymes produced ?

Answer 55

Stomach , pancreas and small intestine

Question 56

What enzyme breaks down lipids ?

Answer 56

Lipase

Question 57

Where are lipase made ?

Answer 57

Pancreas and small intestine

Question 58

What carbohydrase breaks down starch ?

Answer 58

Amylase

Question 59

What conditions do the protease enzyme work best in ?

Answer 59

Acidic conditions

Question 60

What conditions do the proteases need in order to function properly ?

Answer 60

Alkaline conditions

Question 61

What is pepsin ?

Answer 61

A protease enzyme

Question 62

What does the stomach produce in order for a protease enzyme like pepsin to work the best way ?

Answer 62

Hydrochloric acid

Question 63

What protects the stomach walls from hydrochloric acid and enzymes ?

Answer 63

A thick layer of mucus made by the stomach

Question 64

In the small intestine what conditions do the enzymes work best at ?

Answer 64

Alkaline conditions

Question 65

How does the acidic liquid coming from your stomach become alkaline ?

Answer 65

The liver produces something called bile which is stored in the gall bladder

Question 66

What does bile do ?

Answer 66

Neutralises the acid

Question 67

What does bile also do ?

Answer 67

Emulsifies fats and breaks up fats into smaller droplets