B3 Genetics Flashcards
(22 cards)
Definition of Allele
Different forms of a gene
Definition of phenotype
The observable characteristics resulting from a genotype
Definition of heterozygous
2 different alleles (example Aa)
Definition of homozygous
2 copies of the same allele
Homozygous Dominant
Control of a characteristic when only present on one of your chromosomes (AA)
Homozygous Recessive
Control of the characteristic that is present on both chromosomes (aa)
Definition of Diploid
Containing 2 copies of each chromosome
Definition of haploid
Containing 1 copy of each chromosome
Cystic fibrosis causes the over production of mucus, why can these cause an infertility in males?
The mucus builds up in the tubes of the reproductive system, which blocks the flow of sperm.
Why is there a probability of inheriting a dominant disease compared to a recessive disease?
Dominant disease- only requires one allele from 1 parent which means you have to be heterozygous or homozygous dominant to inherit the disease
Recessive disease- requires one allele from each parent so you have to be homozygous recessive to inherit the disease.
What is the specific role for the extraction buffer when extracting DNA from fruit?
It breaks the cell open, by dissolving the cell membrane, releasing DNA
What is the specific role of chilled ethanol when it comes to extracting DNA from Fruit
Causes the DNA to precipitate out as the DNA is insoluble in ethanol
Definition of genome
It’s all of the genetic information of an organism (all chromosomes which makes it a diploid)
What is the advantage of having knowledge of the human genome?
- locates the genes with specific diseases
- it treats genetic disorders
- you can personalise medication
What would be the Complimentary DNA strand to the following: ATGGACAAGTAC
TACCTGTTCATG
The sequence of bases in different alleles may vary by 1 or 2 bases, what causes this?
A mutation
Adenine pairs with…
Thymine
Cytosine pairs with…
Guanine
Thymine pairs with…
Adenine
Guanine pairs with…
Cytosine
Mitosis is different from meiosis because..
- it produces 2 daughter cells
- genetically identical cells
- it’s a diploid cell ( 46 chromosomes )
- are body cells
- asexual reproduction
Meiosis is different from mitosis because..
-it produces 4 daughter cells
- are genetically different cells
- haploid cells (23 chromosomes)
- Gametes ( sex cells )
- sexual reproduction
