B3 Organisation and the digestive system [AQA GCSE Biology]

Question 1

Tissue

Answer 1

A group of similar cells working together to perform a function.

Question 2

Organ

Answer 2

A group of tissues working together to perform one or more functions.

Question 3

Organ system

Answer 3

A group of organs working together to perform one or more functions.

Question 4

Epithelial tissue

Answer 4

A tissue that covers (lines) organs.

Question 5

Muscle tissue

Answer 5

A tissue that contracts to allow movement.

Question 6

Glandular tissue

Answer 6

A tissue that releases useful substances, e.g. hormones and enzymes.

Question 7

Carbohydrate

Answer 7

A biological molecule that is used for energy.

Question 8

Lipid

Answer 8

A biological molecule that is an efficient energy store. Also important for making cell membranes and some hormones.

Question 9

Protein

Answer 9

A biological molecule with several uses, e.g. enzymes, antibodies, some hormones and muscle fibres.

Question 10

Benedict’s test

Answer 10

Used to test for simple sugars. Turns from blue to brick red if they are present.

Question 11

Iodine test

Answer 11

Used to test for starch. Turns from orange/brown to blue/black if starch is present.

Question 12

Biuret test

Answer 12

Used to test for proteins. Turns from blue to purple if protein is present.

Question 13

Ethanol test

Answer 13

Used to test for lipids. Turns from colourless to a milky/white emulsion if lipid is present.

Question 14

Enzyme

Answer 14

A biological catalyst made of protein. It speeds up metabolic reactions.

Question 15

Active site

Answer 15

Part of an enzyme where the substrate attaches.

Question 16

Substrate

Answer 16

The reactant that attaches to an enzyme.

Question 17

Denatured

Answer 17

When the active site of an enzyme has changed shape so that the substrate can no longer attach.

Question 18

Metabolism

Answer 18

The sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body.

Question 19

Stomach

Answer 19

An organ in the digestive system that churns food. It contains hydrochloric acid and protease enzyme.

Question 20

Liver

Answer 20

An organ in the digestive system that makes bile.

Question 21

Gall bladder

Answer 21

An organ in the digestive system that stores bile.

Question 22

Pancreas

Answer 22

An organ in the digestive system that produces digestive enzymes.

Question 23

Small intestine

Answer 23

An organ in the digestive system where digestion and absorption of small, soluble molecules takes place.

Question 24

Fatty acids and glycerol

Answer 24

What lipids are made up of.

Question 25

Amino acids

Answer 25

Long chains of these form proteins.

Question 26

Starch

Answer 26

A carbohydrate made up of long chains of sugar.

Question 27

Simple sugars

Answer 27

E.g. glucose, fructose and sucrose.

Question 28

Digestion

Answer 28

The process of breaking down large biological molecules into smaller ones that can be absorbed by the body.

Question 29

Bile

Answer 29

A digestive juice that neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies lipids.

Question 30

Hydrochloric acid

Answer 30

A digestive juice that kills microorganisms on food.

Question 31

Amylase

Answer 31

An enzyme that speeds up the digestion of starch into sugars.

Question 32

Lipase

Answer 32

An enzyme that speeds up the digestion of lipids into fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 33

Protease

Answer 33

An enzyme that speeds up the digestion of proteins into amino acids.

Question 34

Lock and key theory

Answer 34

A theory describing how enzymes work.

Question 35

Emulsification

Answer 35

When large lipids droplets are made into smaller droplets which increases the surface area for lipase.