B3 Organisation & Digestive System 📚👄

Question 1

What is another name for organelles?

Answer 1

Subcellular structures

Question 2

What are organelles?

Answer 2

Things in cells like nucleus or mitochondria etc.

Question 3

What are tissues?

Answer 3

A set of similar cells working together to carry out a particular function

Question 4

What are organs?

Answer 4

A set of dif. tissues working together to perform a particular function

Question 5

What is a catalyst?

Answer 5

Increases the speed of a reaction without being changed or used up in the process

Question 6

Another name for Enzyme?

Answer 6

Biological catalysts

Question 7

What is an enzyme?

Answer 7

biological catalysts which speed up the rate of reactions in a body

Question 8

What is the Lock and Key Theory?

Answer 8

Original theory where scientists thought the active site had to fit the substrate molecule PERFECTLY

Question 9

What is the Induced Fit model?

Answer 9

Where the active site of the enzyme is complementary to the substrate (actually changed shape slightly as it binds to the substrate)

Question 10

What is the Benedicts test used to test?

Answer 10

Sugars

Question 11

What is the Biuret test used to test?

Answer 11

Proteins

Question 12

What is Iodine used to test for?

Answer 12

Starch

Question 13

What are the 3 main groups of Nutrients?

Answer 13

• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Fats

Question 14

What foods are Carbohydrates found in?

Answer 14

Pasta, potatoes, rice

Question 15

What is the main Carbohydrate?

Answer 15

Starch

Question 16

What is starch broken down by?

Answer 16

Amylase

Question 17

Where is amylase made in the body?

Answer 17

• Salivary Glands (in the mouth)
• Pancreas
• Small Intestine

Question 18

What foods are proteins found in?

Answer 18

Chicken, Eggs, Nuts

Question 19

What are proteins broken down by in the body?

Answer 19

Protease

Question 20

What are proteins broken down into?

Answer 20

Broken down by proteases into amino acids

Question 21

Where is protease made in the body?

Answer 21

• Stomach (pepsin)
• Pancreas
• Small Intestine

Question 22

What are some examples of food where fats (lipids) are found?

Answer 22

• Butter
• Cheese
• Oil

Question 23

What are lipids broken down into?

Answer 23

Glycerol & Fatty acids

Question 24

Where is lipase enzyme produced in the body?

Answer 24

Small Intestine & Pancreas

Question 25

Describe the first part of the digestion process?

Answer 25

- Food enters the mouth where food is broken down mechanically by chewing - the salivary glands produce amylase enzymes which breaks down carbohydrates -then the food passes down through the oesophagus into the stomach

Question 26

What is the process after food has passed through the oesophagus and into the stomach?

Answer 26

Stomach - Contracts muscular walls to push and mix food around - produces PEPSIN (protease enzyme which breaks down proteins) - also produces hydrochloric acid to kill germs and provide a right environment for pepsin to function

Question 27

What happens after the stomach in the digestive system?

Answer 27

- Food is then squeezed into the small intestine - In the small intestine food is absorbed into the blood stream - also produces digestive enzymes to assist the digestion process further

Question 28

What does the pancreas do?

Answer 28

Produces lots of digestive enzymes which is pushed through to the small intestine in the form of 'pancreatic juices'

Question 29

Where is bile stored?

Answer 29

Gall bladder

Question 30

What does the gall bladder do?

Answer 30

Stores and releases BILE

Question 31

What is the function of bile and where is it produced?

Answer 31

- produced in the liver - neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies fats making them small giving them a larger surface area to be broken down easier and faster

Question 32

What are the adaptations of the small intestine?

Answer 32

- Villi in the inner lining which increase surface area - Villi only have a single layer of surface cells = shorter distance for nutrients to diffuse - Villi also have very good blood supply - which maintains the concentration gradient

Question 33

What is the FUNCTION of the LARGE INTESTINE?

Answer 33

- absorbs excess water -leaving behind feces in the rectum

Question 34

Where are feces stored?

Answer 34

Rectum

Question 35

Order of the digestive system?

Answer 35

Mouth Oesophagus Stomach Small intestine where pancreatic juices and bile are received Large intestine Rectum

Question 36

What is the name for the pH where enzymes work best?

Answer 36

Optimal pH

Question 37

What does Optimal pH mean?

Answer 37

pH where an enzyme works best

Question 38

What does DENATURED mean?

Answer 38

When an enzyme changes shape due to change in temperature and/or pH, that it can no longer fit the substrate molecule