B3 Tissue Flashcards
(36 cards)
How many types of tissues are there and what are they called?
3
Squamous epithelial tissue
Ciliated columnar tissue
Endothelial tissue
Where is the squamous tissue located?
Lines the orange and surfaces including alveoli
State the functions of the squamous tissues
Only one cell thick
Form thin, smooth flat layers
Idea for rapid diffusion
What can damaged squamous tissue lead to?
Can lead to emphysema
How is emphysema caused ??
It is caused by smoking and this can lead to irritation and damage to the epithelial tissue of the lungs.
This leads to inflammation and scarring
If damage is caused to the air sacs what happens?
The lungs will lose their elasticity and the destruction of this prevent the alveoli to recoil causing a difficulty to exhale
What are the symptoms of emphysema
Breathlessness
Persistent coughing
Phlegm
Where is the columnar epithelial tissue located and describe what it contains?
The line of the trachea bronchus/bronchi
Contains goblet cells which secrete mucus
Columnar shaped ciliated cells present produce rapid wave like motions
What are the functions of columnar epithelial tissue
Move mucus and any trapped foreign pathogens up and out of the respiratory system
What can damaged columnar tissue lead to?
Chronic bronchitis
How is chronic bronchitis formed and what does it cause?
It is formed due to the cilia which line the bronchial tube becoming damaged due to smoking
This causes inflammation of the airways
Bc if this harder to remove mucus? Which causes you to cough more which produces more mucus
Excess mucus can cause blockage making it harder to breathe
Where are the endothelial tissue located
Lining tissues
They cover the inner surfaces
Squamous endothelial tissues lines surfaces like arteries,veins, capillaries
What are the functions for endothelial tissues
Provides a short diffusion pathway for the movement of various substances:
- products of digestion into the blood capillaries
- blood plasma and tissue fluid in and out of the blood capillaries
In arteries and veins how does endothelial tissues help?
Allows blood to follow smoothly and reduces friction
What do endothelial tissues do if they become damaged in arteries/ veins
Produce substances which cause blood vessels to constrict and this regulates blood flow and pressure
In the capillaries what is the single layer of tissue?
And why
Single layer of endothelial
Allows for easy exchange of nutrients into the tissue and removal of waste products like carbon dioxide
Describe atherosclerosis
A disorder that came begin very early on in life
The arteries harden due to a build up of lipids
Plaque can build up inside the artery
It is a progressive disorder so we it can either block the artery or increase the chances of it being blocked
If the plaque begins to get bigger it can narrow the blood vessels and prevent blood flow and if this occurs in the brain it can lead to a stroke
How is atherosclerosis developed
The endothelial tissue becomes damaged
Usually occurs in the artery
What are the risk factors that can increase a person chance of if developing atherosclerosis
- high blood pressure
- high levels of LDL’s
- smoking
Describe the inflammatory response
Damage to the artery wall causes chemicals such as cholesterol to become collected under the damaged endothelium forming fatty streaks.
This sends a signal to the immune system which triggers and inflammatory response
White blood cells gather together and try to breakdown the cholesterol deposits by engulfing LDL’s
This however leads to many white blood cells dying which creates foam cells and causes an further inflammatory response which eventually leads to platelets coming along and forming a clot
How are plaques formed?
Fibrous tissue which is present in the arterial tissue wall swells up and hardens the plaque
Makes the lumen of the artery very narrow bc of reduced elasticity
What does plaque in the arteries cause ?
Smooth muscle to become exposed
What are the three types of muscle tissues
Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth
What do muscle cells contain?
Protein filaments called actin and myosin
