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Pharma 2nd semester > B.31. immunopharmacology 3 (antibodies and fusion proteins) > Flashcards

B.31. immunopharmacology 3 (antibodies and fusion proteins) Flashcards

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1
Q

interferons given for diseases

A

IFN-𝝰
IFN-β
IFN-ᵧ

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2
Q

side effects for interferons

A 
flu-like symptoms 
GI irritation 
hematotoxicity 
nephrotoxicity
hepatotoxicity 
CNS presentation
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3
Q

what is IFN-𝝰 used for?

A 
hepatitis B and C
leukemia (CML, hairy-cell leukemia)
malignant melanoma 
Kaposi's sarcoma (HHV-8) 
genital warts (HPV)
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4
Q

what is IFN-β used for?

A

multiple sclerosis (relapsing form)

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5
Q

what is IFN-ᵧ used for?

A

chronic granulomatous disease

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6
Q

which interferon has a greater immune-enhancing action?

A

IFN-ᵧ

mainly via synthesis of TNF

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7
Q

name the immunosuppressive antibodies

A

IVIG (intravenous immunoglobulin)
ATG (Anti-thymocyte globulin)
ALG (Anti- lymphocyte globulin)
Rh₀ (D) immunoglobulin

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8
Q

what is IVIG?

A

immunoglobulin preparation (IgG) from pools of thousands of healthy donors

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9
Q

how are immunosuppressive antibodies given?

A

IV

*Rh₀ (D) immunoglobulin also IM

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10
Q

indications for IVIG

A 
immunoglobulin deficiencies 
hematological malignancies 
autoimmune disorders 
HIV infection 
stem cell transplantation
hemolytic anemias
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11
Q

SE of IVIG

A

allergic reaction

nephrotoxicity (AKI)

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12
Q

mechanism oF IVIG

A
  1. neutralizes superantigens & autoantibodies
  2. block Fc receptors of macrophages
  3. inhibition of complement and immunocomplex- medicated tissue damage
  4. prevent RBC’S lysis in the spleen
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13
Q

mechanism of ATG and ALG

A

selective inhibition of cellular immunity

Ab’s bind T cells involved in antigen recognition–> destroy them by complement

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14
Q

what is ATG &ALG?

A

immunoglobulin preparation from horse, sheep or rabbits

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15
Q

indications for ATG or ALG

A

stem cell transplantation (prevent graft vs host disease)
solid organ transplantation
primary aplastic anemia (immune-mediated process)

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16
Q

side effects of ATG or ALG

A 
hypersensitivity reaction (serum sickness, anaphylaxis)
injection-site reaction
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17
Q

indications for Rh₀ (D) immunoglobulin

A

prevent Rh hemolytic disease of the newborn

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18
Q

what is Rh₀ (D) immunoglobulin?

A

Human IgG preparation

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19
Q

when is Rh₀ (D) immunoglobulin given?

A

24-72 hours after delivery of Rh₀ (D) + child

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20
Q

mechanism of Rh₀ (D) immunoglobulin

A

blocks the primary immune response to the foreign cells.

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21
Q

common SE if monoclonal antibodies

A

injection site reaction

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22
Q

how is injection site reaction presented?

A 
erythema 
itching 
burning 
swelling 
pain
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23
Q

management of injection site reaction

A

topical hydrocortisone
Diphenhydramine (H₁ blocker)
NSAID’S

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24
Q

-omab suffix is for..

A

murine monoclonal Ab

no human components

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25
-ximab suffix is for..
chimeric monoclonal Ab | 65% humanized
26
-zumab suffix is for..
humanized Ab | >90% human
27
-umab suffix is for..
fully human 100% monoclonal Ab
28
what does Rituximab do?
anti-CD20 | Reduce B cell count
29
how are the monoclonal antibodies given?
parenterally
30
list the monoclonal Ab
"I RUN BAD TV" Infliximab Rituximab Ustekinumab Natalizumab Basiliximab Adalimumab Dupliumab Tocilizumab Vedolizumab
31
name the chimeric monoclonal Ab
"RIB" Rituximab Infliximab Basiliximab
32
what are adalimumab, ustekinumab and dupliumab ?
Human monoclonal Ab
33
give the Humanized monoclonal Ab
Natalizumab Tocilizumab Vedolizumab "Need TV"
34
indications for Rituximab
B cell lymphoma autoimmune diseases (RA, vasculitis) solid organ transplantation
35
SE o Rituximab
injection site reaction infections *first aid: ↑ risk of PML in patients with JC virus
36
mechanism of Infliximab and Adalimumab
Anti-TNF𝝰 | ↓ leukocyte activation
37
what is Adalimumab used for?
Rheumatoid arthritis
38
indications for Infliximab
``` autoimmune diseases (RA, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis) IBD ```
39
Side effects of infliximab and adalimumab
injection site reaction infections reactivation of latent TB lymphoma
40
mechanism of Tocilizumab
Anti-IL-6 receptor | --> affect both B cell and T cell function
41
mechanism of Ustekinumab
Anti-IL-12 and IL-23 | --> inhibit activation of TH1 and TH17 cells
42
indications for Tocilizumab
RA | juvenile idiopathic arthritis
43
SE of Tocilizumab
neutropenia infections injections site reaction
44
indications for ustekinumab
chron's disease | Psoriasis
45
SE of ustekinumab
injection site reaction | infections
46
mechanism of Natalizumab
Anti-integrin 𝝰₄β₁--> inhibit T cell activity
47
when do we use Natalizumab?
multiple sclerosis | Chron's disease
48
SE Natalizumab
injection site reaction infection reactivation of JC virus--> may develop PML disease
49
mechanism of Dupilumab
Anti-IL-4 receptor 𝝰
50
what is dupilumab for?
atopic dermatitis
51
SE of dupilumab
allergic reaction | conjunctivitis, keratitis
52
mechanism of vedolizumab
anti-integrin 𝝰₄β₇--> inhibit t cell function in the GI
53
what is vedolizumab used for?
crohn's disease
54
what are the monoclonal Ab's used for Crohn's disease?
"NUV" Natalizumab Ustekinumab Vedolizumab
55
is there a risk for JC virus when giving vedolizumab?
no | but risk of infection
56
mechanism of Basiliximab
Anti-IL2 receptor -->inhibit activation of lymphocytes
57
what is the indication for basiliximab?
solid-organ transplantation
58
side effects of basiliximab
GI irritation | injection site reaction
59
what are fusion proteins?
chimeric proteins, that consist of at least 2 domains (encoded by separate genes) that are joined, transcribed, and translated as a single unit--> producing a single polypeptide
60
name 2 fusion proteins
Abatacept | Etanercept
61
what is Abatacept and what does it do?
it's a CTLA-4 fusion protein. composed of Fc region of immunoglobulin IgG1 and CTLA-4 it binds to CD80/86 on APC and inhibits T cells
62
indications for giving abatacept
RA juvenile idiopathic arthritis Psoriasis
63
SE of abatacept
infections | producing neutralizing Ab's
64
what is Etanercept and what does it do?
it's an Anti-TNF𝝰 fusion protein | composed of Fc portion of the immunoglobulin IgG1 fused to the TNF receptor
65
indications of Etanercept
arthritis ankylosing spondylitis psoriasis
66
side effects of Etanercept
injection site reaction | hypersensitivity reaction

Pharma 2nd semester (49 decks)

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