B3.1 Movement Of Molecules Im And Out Of Cells

Question 0

What happens to RBC’s when in a solution with a low water potential?

Answer 0

Crenated

Question 1

What’s osmosis?

Answer 1

From high to low concentration

Through a semi permeable membrane

Question 2

What happens to RBC’s when in a solution with a high water potential?

Answer 2

Pop

Question 3

What happens to plant cells when in a solution with a low water potential?

Answer 3

Flaccid

Question 4

What happens to plant cells when in a solution with a high water potential?

Answer 4

Turgid

Question 5

What’s active transport?

Answer 5

Low to high concentration
Through a semi permeable membrane
Using energy from respiration

Question 6

What does the cell membrane have to help active transport?

Answer 6

Carrier proteins

Question 7

Examples of active transport

Answer 7

Nutrients in plants to get as much as possible

Glucose being absorbed into the small intestine so all of it is absorbed

Question 8

What’s transpiration?

Answer 8

The cycle of water through a plant

Evaporated through stomata
Passes through the leaf to the xylem
Pulled up through the xylem tissue
Replaced by water entering the roots by osmosis to replace what’s used in respiration

Question 9

How does a plant control water loss?

Answer 9

Carbon dioxide and water enter through diffusion through the stomata
Guard cells control this
If there’s too much water being lost they close

Question 10

Uses of water in a plant?

Answer 10

Growth
Fruit
Glucose
Temperature control
Transport minerals

Question 11

Uses of glucose in a plant?

Answer 11

Long starch chains
Cellulose for cell walls
Combine with nitrate to make proteins
Lipids for seeds

Question 12

What’s turgur pressure?

Answer 12

In a well watered plant there is lots of water in the soil so it enters through osmosis and cells become turgid and photosynthesis continues

In a non watered plant the water leaves through osmosis and it becomes flaccid so the stomata closes so photosynthesis can’t occur

Question 13

What’s does the xylem vessel do?

Answer 13

Transports water

Question 14

What does the phloem cells do?

Answer 14

Transport nutrients (translocation)

Question 15

What does nitrate do in a plant and what happens if it’s not present?

Answer 15

Make protein

Phones yellow with small leaves

Question 16

What do phosphates do in a plant and what happens if it’s not present?

Answer 16

Helps with photosynthesis

Small roots and purple leaves

Question 17

What does potassium do in a plant and what happens if it’s not present?

Answer 17

Helps enzymes needed for photosynthesis

Yellow leaves and dead parts

Question 18

How is the small intestine adapted to absorb?

Answer 18

Villi to increase SA
Micro villi to increase SA
Capillary network to maintain a steep concentration gradient

Question 19

How do sports drinks help?

Answer 19

Sugar keeps glucose levels high so they can continue longer
Ions to maintain balance in blood so the cells work
Water for cells, to absorb nutrients, to regulate body temp and to moisten the lungs

Question 20

Explain the parts of the lungs?

Answer 20

Larynx at the top them the trachea with cartilage around it 
Into bronchus then alveoli 
Diaphragm at the bottom
Heart and sternum in the middle
Intercostal muscles in between the ribs

Question 21

What function is carried out by the nasal cavity?

Answer 21

Warms
Moistens
Filters air

Question 22

What function is carried out by the epiglottis?

Answer 22

Prevents food going to the lungs

Question 23

What function is carried out by the larynx?

Answer 23

Produces sound for speech

Question 24

What function is carried out by the trachea?

Answer 24

Carries air to the lungs

Question 25

What function is carried out by the cartilage rings?

Answer 25

Keeps the trachea and bronchus open

Question 26

What function is carried out by the rib muscles?

Answer 26

Moves the ribs cage when breathing

Question 27

What function is carried out by the rib cage?

Answer 27

Protection

Question 28

What function is carried out by the pleural fluid?

Answer 28

Prevents fiction with the lungs and heart

Question 29

What function is carried out by the diaphragm?

Answer 29

Separates the thorax from the abdomen

Question 30

What function is carried out by the alveoli?

Answer 30

Gas exchange

Question 31

What are alveoli?

Answer 31

Air sacks Covered in capillaries Bundles

Question 32

What are the adaptations of the alveoli?

Answer 32

Lots of them Lots of capillaries to maintain steep concentration gradient Large SA for gas exchange Thin cell membrane for a short diffusion pathway Small capillaries for a short diffusion pathway

Question 33

What's mass transport?

Answer 33

Movement of a large amount of substance in one direction to pressure changes

Question 34

What happens when you inhale?

Answer 34

``` Rib muscles contract Ribs moves up Diaphragm contract Flat Volume increases Pressure decreases Pleural membrane stops friction Inhale ```

Question 35

What's cystic fibrosis?

Answer 35

``` A genetic mutation Resistive genes Chloride ion levels aren't controlled Chloride ions cause a low concentration of water so the diffusion doesn't occur properly So a thick sticky mucus is made ```

Question 36

Symptoms of cystic fibrosis?

Answer 36

Cough Cheapest infections Poor weight gain

Question 37

Treatment for cystic fibrosis?

Answer 37

Antibiotics Physiotherapy Bronchodilators Mucus clearing treatments

Question 38

Why would you need an artificial breathing aid?

Answer 38

Tubes to the lungs are too small Alveoli can break down Paralysis

Question 39

What's the iron lung?

Answer 39

Negative pressure | Change the pressure of the outside so the chest moves to change pressure in the body to breathe

Question 40

What's positive pressure breathing?

Answer 40

Forcing air into the lungs to increase pressure