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Biology > B3.2 - The Endocrine System > Flashcards

B3.2 - The Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Ovulation

A

Release of a mature egg from an ovary

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2
Q

Oestrogen

A

Hormone causing the uterus lining to thicken/build up

INHIBITS the of production of FSH to stop more than one egg maturing

STIMULATES TO PITUITARY GLAND TO RELEASE LH

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3
Q

Luteinising hormone (LH)

A

Hormone that TRIGGERS ovulation when the amount of hormone is at its PEAK

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4
Q

Progesterone

A

Hormone that maintains the uterus DURING a pregnancy (so high levels during pregnancy)

INHIBITS THE PRODUCTION OF LH

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5
Q

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

Hormone secreted by the pituitary gland travels through blood to ovaries, CAUSES EGG TO MATURE

STIMULATES TO PRODUCE OESTROGEN

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6
Q

Mnemonic for order of hormones in menstrual cycles

A

Fear - FSH
Of - Oestrogen
Losing - LH
Pasta - Progesterone

(Or order is H, ‘one’, H, ‘one’)

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7
Q

Phototropism

A

Growing in direction of light (‘photo’)

Aka: Negative Gravitropism

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8
Q

Gravitropism

A

Growing in the direction of gravity

Also known as: Negative Phototropism

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9
Q

Auxin

A

Plant hormone which promotes growth in direction of light stimulus

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10
Q

Where is auxin mad in the plant

A

Near the tip

Or in the roots or shoots

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11
Q

What does auxin do the growth of the ROOTS

A

INHIBITS ROOT GROWTH

but causes more shoot growth

OPPOSITE OF ONE ANOTHER

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12
Q

Which side does auxin move to when light exposed

A

To the shadier/darker side. This causes growth only one one side of the plant, meaning it leans towards to the sun causing positive phototropism

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13
Q

What happens if light is evenly distributed on plant

A

Auxin is evenly distributed and therefore all cells grow at the same rate and the plant grows straight up

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14
Q

How does auxin work in the roots

A

Auxin still gathers to the shadier side, but this inhibits the growth of the shadier side. Therefore, the other side grows more, and causes the roots to follow positive gravitropism, and go downwards

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15
Q

Ethene

A

Plant hormone used to ripen fruits

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16
Q

How does ethene ripen fruits

A

Stimulates the conversion of STARCH TO SUGAR

17
Q

Commercial use of auxin

A

Weed killers
Rooting powders
Delay ripening
Produce seedless fruits

18
Q

How does auxin kill weeds

A

Auxin causes it to grow too fast. The rapid uncontrolled movement causes it to die

19
Q

How does auxin promote root growth

A

Gardeners cut of shoot tips. Dip it in rooting powder (with contains auxin). Auxin promotes growth in the shoots, producing a clone of the original plant

20
Q

Why is auxin used to delay ripening in fruits

A

Allows a harvest to be collected at the same time and prevents the fruit from dropping off trees to early

21
Q

How does auxin produce seedless fruit

A

Seeds are made when an insect pollinates plant. Therefore, if you add auxin to the UNPOLLINATED plant, you get seedless fruit

22
Q

Commercial use for ethene

A

Ripening fruit

23
Q

Why is ethene used to ripen fruits

A

To allow the fruits to be ready earlier in the growing season

24
Q

Commercial use for gibberellin

A

Controlling dorancy

25
Q

Gibberellin

A

Plant hormone which promotes growth in other plants. Especially stem elongation. Ends seed dormancy to allow shoots and flowers to open quicker

26
Q

How does gibberellin control dormancy

A

Promotes growth and causes shoots/flowers to open earlier.

27
Q

What are hormones

A

Chemical messengers

28
Q

What makes hormones

A

Endocrine Glands

29
Q

Target organ

A

Organ that a hormone has effect on

30
Q

Way to remember sentence for hormone

A

HAS - hormone name
BRITAIN - travels through the blood
GOT - by what gland?
TALENT - to which target organ

31
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintenance of a constant internal environment

32
Q

Names of Endocrine glands

A 
Hypothalamus (in the brain)
Pituitary gland (in the brain)
Thyroid gland (bottom of throat)
Adrenal glands (in kidney)
Pancreas 
Ovaries in females 
Testes in males
33
Q

Do hormones travel across the entire body?

A

YES
the hormone travels all around the body (not specific) it is just that ONLY THE TARGET CELLS/ORGAN responds to the hormone

34
Q

How do target cells respond to hormone

A

The hormone diffuses out of the blood and binds on to the receptors in the cytoplasm/membrane of the target cell. This is stimulated to give a response

35
Q

Endocrine system

A

All endocrine glands and the hormones they produce

36
Q

Negative feedback

A

A system in the body which detects a change in a condition and then acts to return the conditions to the normal/desired level.

37
Q

How are thyroxine levels controlled (example of negative feedback)

A

Hypothalamus detects that cells need more energy

Pituitary gland release TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)

Thyroid gland secretes thyroxine

Once the hypothalamus detects enough cell energy

Pituitary gland stops making TSH

Thyroid stops making thyroxine

Normal levels return

38
Q

What does adrenaline do?

A

Prepares the body for intensive action

39
Q

How does the body respond when adrenaline is secreted in the blood?

A

More respiration to increase ATP production

Higher breathing rate to cope with extra demand for oxygen

Higher heart rate

Diverting blood away from areas such the digestive system towards the muscles

Biology (16 decks)

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