B3a Flashcards
(20 cards)
What causes Type 1 diabetes? How is type 1 diabetes controlled?
Type 1 diabetes is were someone cant regulate their sugar levels in their body, therefore they have to be injected with insulin to keep there levels balanced. To control type 1 diabetes you can be injected with insulin, exercise
Describe what happens when blood glucose level is too high.
glucose is taken into cells and any excess remaining is turned into glycogen.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of a kidney transplant over dialysis?
Advantages: Patients can lead a more normal life without having to watch what they eat and drink Cheaper for the NHS overall Disadvantages: Must take immune-suppressant drugs which increase the risk of infection Shortage of organ donors Kidney only lasts 8-9 years on average Any operation carries risks
How does kidney dialysis work?
The dialysis machine mixes and monitors the dialysate. Dialysate is the fluid that helps remove the unwanted waste products from your blood. It also helps get your electrolytes and minerals to their proper levels in your body. The machine also monitors the flow of your blood while it is outside of your body.
Name three things that are reabsorbed by kidneys?
Glucose, water and ions.
Explain why your urine is likely to be more concentrated on a hot day?
In hot weather, you need more water to cool yourself by evaporation of perspiration, so your body compensates by cutting down the water in urine.
Give three ways in which water is lost by the body?
sweat, urine and respiration
What three main jobs do the kidneys do in the body?
Regulation of extracellular fluid volume. The kidneys work to ensure an adequate quantity of plasma to keep blood flowing to vital organs. Regulation of osmolality. ... Regulation of ion concentrations. ... Regulation of ph. ... Excretion of wastes and toxins. ... Production of hormones.
Write down three things that the body can do to reduce eat loss if it gets too cold?
The body shivers, this produces respiration causing the body to use energy making it warm up. It also makes hairs stand up.
Write down four things that the body needs to keep fairly constant?
Water - temperature - sugar levels -mineral content
Define homeostasis?
the tendency towards a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, especially as maintained by physiological processes.
What does a stent do?
Stents help keep coronary arteries open and reduce the chance of a heart attack. A stent is inserted into the clogged artery with a balloon catheter. The balloon is inflated and the stent expands and locks in place. This holds the artery open and allows blood to flow more freely.
State one part of the heart that can be replaced with artificial parts and give one potential complication.
Heart valves can be transplanted. However one complication is for patients with long life expectancy, there is a higher chance of further operations to replace the valves (any operation carries risks).
Explain how artificial blood products can keep people alive?
Artificial blood can be used as a blood substitute e.g a salt solution such as saline.
What are the cell fragments called that help blood to clot? Why is it important that blood can clot?
Cell fragments that help the blood to clot are called platelets.blood clotting is an important process that prevents excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured.
Explain the difference between diffusion and osmosis
Diffusion is the spreading out of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration.
Whereas osmosis is the spreading out of particles to a low concentration through a partially permeable membrane.
Explain why a long distance runner should choose an isotonic drink rather than cola
Isotonic drinks refuel the athlete with ions, glucose and water. All vital to provide the energy to an athlete.
Explain why active transport requires energy, whereas diffusion and osmosis do not
Require energy to move around
Describe 2 adaptations of the villi which help the small intestine to function.
Large surface area to absorb as much water, ions and glucose as possible.
-Lots of blood vessels to quickly put the nutrients into the bloodstream effectively.
Describe how the leaf and roots are adapted for efficient exchange
Leafs have large surface area.
They are both thin.
