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LTS KS3 Science > B4 Ecosystems > Flashcards

B4 Ecosystems Flashcards

1
Q

What process do plants use to produce their own food?

A

Photosynthesis

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2
Q

What is the pigment that absorbs sunlight inside the leaf?

A

Chlorophyll

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3
Q

Which sub-cellular structures in a plant cell carry out photosynthesis?

A

Chloroplasts

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4
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide + water → oxygen + glucose

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5
Q

What gas is produced during photosynthesis?

A

Oxygen

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6
Q

What are the two reactants involved in photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

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7
Q

What are the two products involved in photosynthesis?

A

Oxygen and glucose

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8
Q

Give three uses for glucose in a plant.

A

Respiration, making cell walls and converting to starch for storage

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9
Q

What substance is used to test for the presence of starch?

A

Iodine

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10
Q

Name three adaptations of a leaf.

A

Large surface area, thin and contains chlorophyll

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11
Q

Explain why leaves have large surface areas.

A

To absorb more sunlight

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12
Q

Explain why leaves are thin.

A

To give a short diffusion pathway

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13
Q

Explain why leaves have chlorophyll.

A

To absorb sunlight for photosynthesis

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14
Q

Name the five layers of a leaf.

A

Waxy cuticle, upper epidermis, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll and lower epidermis

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15
Q

What are stomata?

A

Small gaps on the bottom of leaves

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16
Q

In which layer of a leaf are the stomata found?

A

Lower epidermis

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17
Q

What is the function of the stomata?

A

Allow oxygen to leave and carbon dioxide to enter the leaf

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18
Q

What are the guard cells?

A

Curved cells found on the bottom of leaves

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19
Q

What is the function of the guard cells?

A

To open and close the stomata

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20
Q

What is the waxy cuticle?

A

A thin layer found on the top surface of the leaf

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21
Q

What is the function of the waxy cuticle?

A

To stop water loss from the leaves

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22
Q

Name an adaptation of the palisade mesophyll cells.

A

Contain lots of chloroplasts

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23
Q

Explain why palisade mesophyll cells have lots of chloroplasts.

A

To absorb more sunlight for photosynthesis

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24
Q

What is the purpose of the air spaces in leaves?

A

To allow gases to diffuse in and out of the leaf

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25
What is a feeding relationship?
Which organisms eat each other
26
Why do organisms eat each other?
To get nutrients and energy
27
What diagrams do scientists use to show feeding relationships?
Food chains
28
What name is given to organisms that make their own food?
Producers
29
Where do producers get their energy from?
The Sun
30
In a food chain, what name is given to an organism that eats another organism?
Consumer
31
In a food chain, which direction do the arrows point?
From the organism being eaten to the organism eating it
32
In a food chain or web, why do the arrows point from the organism being eaten to the organism eating it?
To show the flow of energy
33
What is bioaccumulation?
How toxic materials can build up in a food chain
34
What name is given to organisms that eat animals?
Predators
35
What name is given to animals that are eaten by other organisms?
Prey
36
What happens to the number of prey if the number of predators increases?
The number of prey decreases as more are eaten
37
What happens to the number of predators if the number of prey decreases?
The number of predators decreases as they starve
38
What is a herbivore?
An animal that eats plants
39
What is a carnivore?
An animal that eats other animals
40
What is an omnivore?
An animal that eats plants and animals
41
What is the ‘population’ of an organism?
The number of that organism in a particular area
42
What is interdependence?
How organisms depend on each other for survival
43
What is a food web?
A group of interconnected food chains
44
What is an adaptation?
A way in which an organism suits its environment
45
What is heredity?
The process by which genetic information is transmitted from one generation to another
46
What is DNA?
A genetic code
47
Where is DNA found in a cell?
In the nucleus
48
What is a chromosome?
Long chain of coiled DNA
49
What is a gene?
A section of DNA coding for a protein
50
In biology, what is variation?
Differences between organisms
51
What is genetic variation?
Differences caused by DNA
52
What is environmental variation?
Differences caused by the environment
53
State two examples of genetic variation in humans.
Eye colour and ear lobe shape
54
State two examples of environmental variation in humans.
Scars and tattoos
55
State two examples of variation caused by environmental and genetic variation.
Height, the foods a person likes to eat
56
Why are we not genetically identical to our parents?
We inherit half of our DNA from each parent
57
What do animals compete with each other for?
Food, mates, territory
58
What do plants compete with each other for?
Light, water, minerals, space
59
What is an adaptation?
A feature that enables an organism to survive
60
Darwin’s theory of evolution occurs through which process?
Natural selection
61
What is evolution?
A change in inherited characteristics of a population over time
62
What are offspring?
The organisms produced in reproduction
63
What is meant by biodiversity?
The range of different species in an area
64
What is a species?
Organisms that have similar characteristics and can reproduce with each other to produce fertile offspring

LTS KS3 Science (4 decks)

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