B4 Organisation In Animals

Question 1

What are the five levels of organisation living organisms?

Answer 1

Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms.

Question 2

What are cells classed as?

Answer 2

The basic building blocks.

Question 3

What is tissue?

Answer 3

Groups of cells that have similar structures and functions.

Question 4

What are organs?

Answer 4

Groups of tissues working together to perform a specific function.

Question 5

What are organ systems?

Answer 5

Groups of organs working together.

Question 6

What is an organism?

Answer 6

Organ systems work together, forming an organism.

Question 7

What is the purpose of the pancreas?

Answer 7

To make the enzymes amylase, lipase and protease.

Question 8

What is the purpose of the liver?

Answer 8

To make bile.

Question 9

What is the purpose of the gall bladder?

Answer 9

To store bile.

Question 10

Why do we need bile?

Answer 10

It’s an alkaline that neutralises hydrochloric acid from the stomach, and emulsifies fat to form small droplets with a large surface area.

Question 11

What is the purpose of the small intestine?

Answer 11

It’s where digested food is absorbed into the blood.

Question 12

What is the purpose of the large intestine?

Answer 12

It’s where water and minerals are absorbed into the blood.

Question 13

What is the purpose of the mouth?

Answer 13

It’s where food is chewed.

Question 14

What is the purpose of the salivary glands?

Answer 14

To make saliva containing the enzyme amylase.

Question 15

What is the purpose of the oesophagus?

Answer 15

It carries food to the stomach.

Question 16

What are the purposes of the stomach?

Answer 16

•churns food
•releases protease, digests proteins
•releases hydrochloric acid- kills pathogens

Question 17

What is the purpose of the rectum?

Answer 17

To store faeces.

Question 18

What is the purpose of the anus?

Answer 18

To expel faeces.

Question 19

When breathing in, air moves…

Answer 19

1) into the body through the mouth and nose
2) down the trachea
3) into the bronchi
4) through the bronchioles
5) into the alveoli
6) oxygen then diffuses into the blood in the network of capillaries over the surface of the alveoli

Question 20

Oxygenated blood goes … of the heart?

Answer 20

Out.

Question 21

Deoxygenated blood goes … of the heart?

Answer 21

In.

Question 22

What’s the purpose of red blood cells?

Answer 22

They bind to oxygen and transport it around the body.

Question 23

What’s the purpose of plasma?

Answer 23

It transports substances and blood cells around the body.

Question 24

What is the purpose of platelets?

Answer 24

They form blood clots to create barriers to infections.

Question 25

What is the purpose of white blood cells?

Answer 25

They're part of the immune system to defend the body against pathogens.

Question 26

What is the function of an artery?

Answer 26

To carry blood away from the heart (high pressure).

Question 27

What is the function of a vein?

Answer 27

To carry blood to the heart (low pressure)

Question 28

What is the function of a capillary?

Answer 28

•carries blood tissues and cells •connects arteries and veins

Question 29

What is the structure of an artery?

Answer 29

•thick, muscular, and elastic walls •the walls can stretch and withstand high pressure •small lumen

Question 30

What is the structure of a vein?

Answer 30

•have valves to stop blood flowing the wrong way •thin walls •large lumen

Question 31

What is the structure of a capillary?

Answer 31

•one cell thick- short diffusion distance for substances to move between the blood and tissues •very narrow lumen

Question 32

What is the purpose of the heart?

Answer 32

To pump blood around the body.

Question 33

What type of tissue is the heart made out of?

Answer 33

It's made from cardiac muscle tissue which is supplied with oxygen by the coronary artery.

Question 34

What is the purpose of the pulmonary vein?

Answer 34

To take deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

Question 35

What is the purpose of the vena cava?

Answer 35

It brings deoxygenated blood into the heart.

Question 36

What is the purpose of the right ventricle?

Answer 36

To pump blood to the lungs.

Question 37

What controls the heart rate?

Answer 37

A group of cells in the right atrium that generate electrical impulses.

Question 38

What are artificial pacemakers used for?

Answer 38

Controlling irregular heartbeats.

Question 39

Why is the human circulatory system described as a 'double circulatory system'?

Answer 39

Because blood passes through the heart twice for every circuit around the body.