B4 - organising plants and animals

Question 1

What are the 4 parts of blood

Answer 1

Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma

Question 2

What are the properties and function of red blood cells

Answer 2

Round, flat, no nucleus, large surface area, contain hemoglobin, carry oxygen around the body

Question 3

What are the properties and function of white blood cells

Answer 3

Large odd shaped nucleus, make antibodies, fight diseases

Question 4

What are the properties and function of platelets

Answer 4

Broken bits of cell, help blood clot

Question 5

What are the properties and function of plasma

Answer 5

Liquid part of blood, carries dissolved glucose and waste products

Question 6

What are the three types of blood vessel

Answer 6

Arteries, veins and capillaries

Question 7

What are the properties and function of arteries

Answer 7

Take blood away from heart, high pressure, elastic tissue, small lumen, oxygenated blood

Question 8

What are the properties and function of veins

Answer 8

Take blood towards heart, low pressure, large lumen, valves to stop backflow, deoxygenated blood

Question 9

What are the properties and function of capillaries

Answer 9

Next to every cell, tiny, walls one cell thick to allow diffusion, large surface area

Question 10

What is the double circulation system

Answer 10

One takes oxygenated blood from the heart through arteries to the body and then takes the deoxygenated blood through the veins back to the heart, the second takes deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs through the pulmonary artery where it is oxygenated, then takes it back to the heart through the pulmonary vein

Question 11

What is the primary artery and vein called

Answer 11

Aorta and Vena Cava

Question 12

Which side of the heart is oxygenated/deoxygenated

Answer 12

Left is oxygenated, right is deoxygenated

Question 13

Which quarter of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Answer 13

Right ventricle

Question 14

Which quarter of the heart recieved deoxygenated blood from the body

Answer 14

Right atrium

Question 15

Which quarter of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body

Answer 15

Left ventricle

Question 16

Which quarter of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs

Answer 16

Left atrium

Question 17

What do atrioventricular valves do

Answer 17

Stop backflow from ventricles to atriums

Question 18

What does the semilunar valve do

Answer 18

Stops backflow into the ventricles from aorta or pulmonary artery

Question 19

What causes heart attacks

Answer 19

A blood vessel in the heart muscle gets blocked so that part of the muscle dies

Question 20

What are stents

Answer 20

Little wire things that get inflated and unblock arteries

Question 21

What are statins

Answer 21

Drugs that lower blood cholesterol - can have harmful side effects

Question 22

What is arrhythmia

Answer 22

Abnormal heart rhythm, your heart is beating too fast, slow, or irregularly

Question 23

What is the natural pacemaker

Answer 23

An area of cells in the right atrium that give an electric shock at regular intervals to get the heart to beat

Question 24

What two artificial things can you get to fix your heart

Answer 24

Artificial pacemaker, artificial atrioventricular valves

Question 25

What are the 4 parts of your breathing system

Answer 25

Trachea - kept open by rings of cartilage Bronchi - connect to lungs and split in two Bronchioles - branches of bronchi Alveoli - tiny air sacs

Question 26

What do alveoli do

Answer 26

Gas exchange - diffusing oxygen into your blood

Question 27

How are alveoli adapted to do gas exchange better

Answer 27

1 cell thick walls, moist surface (gases can dissolve), large surface area, constant blood supply to maintain concentration gradient

Question 28

What does the diaphragm do

Answer 28

Expands and contracts to increase volume of chest cavity

Question 29

What do the intercostal muscles do

Answer 29

Raise and lower the rib cage to increase volume of chest cavity

Question 30

What does increasing the volume of the chest cavity do

Answer 30

Pressure inside decreases so air rushes in (breathing)

Question 31

What does the stem do

Answer 31

Holds up plant and transports stuff

Question 32

What do leaves do

Answer 32

Absorb CO2 and sunlight for photosynthesis

Question 33

What do flowers do

Answer 33

Attract pollinators for reproduction

Question 34

What do the roots do

Answer 34

Absorb water and nutrients from soil

Question 35

What are the 4 layers of leaves

Answer 35

Waxy cuticle for protection Palisade cells for photosynthesis Sponge layer, lots of air gaps Layer of stomata on bottom to release excess water

Question 36

What is transpiration

Answer 36

The movement of water vapour from the roots to the stomata

Question 37

What is translocation

Answer 37

Movement of sugar produced in photosynthesis through the phloem

Question 38

What is the difference between the xylem and phloem

Answer 38

Xylem - transports minerals and water, only one way (up stem), cell walls have gaps to let stuff through Phloem - transports sugar dissolved in water, two way, cells have end walls and perforations

Question 39

What three minerals do plants need and what do they do

Answer 39

Nitrogen - used to make proteins Phosphorous - strong roots Magnesium - makes chlorophyll

Question 40

How are leaves adapted

Answer 40

Small surface area so less evaporation, waxy cuticle lets water runoff, stomata only on underside for less evaporation, shed leaves in winter to reduce water loss

Question 41

Why do root hair cells have hairs

Answer 41

To increase surface area for osmosis

Question 42

What are stomata for

Answer 42

Open and close to let gases in and out but not water

Question 43

What opens and closes the stomata

Answer 43

Guard cells

Question 44

What weather effects can affect transpiration and why

Answer 44

- Windy increases transpiration because water blown away so high concentration gradient - Warm increases transpiration because particles move faster - Light increases transpiration because particles move faster - Humid decreases transpiration because water particles in air so low concentration gradient

Question 45

Why do plants in dry conditions have no leaves

Answer 45

Less surface area for evaporation