B4 - The Processes of Life

Question 1

What is the equation of photosynthesis? Word and balanced symbol

Answer 1

Carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + oxygen

6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6 O2

Question 2

What is chlorophyll and what does it do?

Answer 2

Chlorophyll is a green chemical which is found in the chloroplasts and allows plants to absorb energy from sunlight

Question 3

Name the 6 uses of Glucose made from photosynthesis:

Answer 3

• cellulose for cell walls
• proteins for growth
• used to make chlorophyll
• respired to give energy
• oil for energy storage
• starch for energy storage

Question 4

Name four parts of the inside of a leaf (think of the section through a leaf diagram)

Answer 4

Epidermis, waxy cuticle, palicate cells, chloroplasts

Question 5

What are the three limiting factors of the rate of photosynthesis?

Answer 5

Light intensity, CO2 concentration and temperature

Question 6

Name as many parts of a plant cell as possible: (7)

Answer 6

Cell membrane, nucleus, cell wall, mitochondria, chloroplasts, vacuole, cytoplasm

Question 7

Name the parts of an animal cell: (4)

Answer 7

Nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria, cytoplasm

Question 8

Flagellum

Answer 8

Almost “tail”-like structure that propels the cell

Question 9

What does the Nucleus do?

Answer 9

Contains DNA, stores the genetic code to make enzymes and proteins

Question 10

What does the Cell Wall do?

Answer 10

Supports and protects cell; lets water and other chemicals pass through

Question 11

What does the Cell Membrane do?

Answer 11

Controls what enters and leaves the cell

Question 12

Mitochondria

Answer 12

The site of respiration; contain the enzymes that release energy from glucose

Question 13

What does the Chloroplast do?

Answer 13

The site of photosynthesis

Question 14

Ribosomes

Answer 14

The site of protein synthesis

Question 15

DNA

Answer 15

Deoxyribosenucleic acid; codes for characteristics and co-ordinates cells

Question 16

Where is DNA in Bacteria?

Answer 16

In the cytoplasm

Question 17

Where is respiration in Bacteria

Answer 17

The cell membrane

Question 18

Diffusion

Answer 18

The passive movement of chemicals from an area of high concentration to low

Question 19

Osmosis

Answer 19

A special type of diffusion involving water

Question 20

Dilute

Answer 20

High water concentration

Question 21

Concentrated

Answer 21

Low water concentration

Question 22

The rate of diffusion depends on what three things?

Answer 22

• Temperature
• Any walls/ barriers
• The different concentrations in each area

Question 23

What is the equation of protein synthesis?

Answer 23

Glucose + nitrate -> Amino acids

Question 24

Active transport

Answer 24

A process by which chemicals are taken into a cell from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration using energy from respiration

Question 25

Enzymes

Answer 25

Chemicals that speed up or catalyse chemical reactions

Question 26

What does it mean if an enzyme is denatured?

Answer 26

When the pH changes or the temperature rises or falls drastically, the active site of the enzyme is altered, at a certain point, the point of denature, the active site is permanently damaged

Question 27

What are the four steps of Enzyme reactions?

Answer 27

1. Substrate molecules move towards the enzyme's active site 2. Substrate molecule fits in active site in enzyme 3. Reaction occurs and products made, the enzyme speeds up this reaction 4. Product molecules do not fit in enzymes as well and are released. The enzyme can then be used again with new substrate molecules

Question 28

Respiration

Answer 28

A series of chemical reactions in cells that release energy by breaking down large food molecules

Question 29

What is the equation of aerobic respiration? Word and balanced symbols

Answer 29

Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon dioxide + Water | C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O

Question 30

What are the three uses of the energy made by photosynthesis?

Answer 30

Growth, Repair and Movement

Question 31

What are three examples of when anaerobic occurs?

Answer 31

Human cells during vigorous exercise, Plant roots in waterlogged soil, Bacteria in deep puncture wounds

Question 32

What is the word equation of anaerobic respiration?

Answer 32

Glucose -> Lactic acid + Energy + Carbon dioxide

Question 33

Explain the idea of oxygen debt:

Answer 33

After anaerobic respiration you are in oxygen debt and must breathe heavily to flood you system with oxygen and remove the lactic acid

Question 34

Fermentation

Answer 34

A type of anaerobic respiration used by some microorganisms

Question 35

What is the equation of fermentation?

Answer 35

Glucose -> Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide + Energy

Question 36

What are two food items made by the process of fermentation?

Answer 36

Alcohol (Beer) and Bread

Question 37

Photosynthesis

Answer 37

The process by which green plants and some bacteria make their own food using CO2 and H2O