B4.1 Flashcards
what do the processes carried out by all living cells depend on?
chemical reactions within cells that require energy released by respiration
photosynthesis word
carbon dioxide + water —> glucose + oxygen
photosynthesis summarised
a series of chemical reactions that use energy from sunlight to build large food molecules in plant cells and some micro organisms
microorganism example
phytoplankton
describe respiration
a series of chemical reactions that use energy from sunlight to build large food molecules in all living cells
what are enzymes
proteins that speed up chemical reactions
organic catalysts
cells make enzymes according to what?
instructions carried in genes
molecules have to be correct shape to fit into what?
active site of the enzyme
lock and key
what do enzymes need to work at their optimum?
specific constant temperature
specific ph
what happens if temperature is too high?
enzymes denature (permanently stop working)
what happens if temperature is below 37?
rate of reaction slows
is the change to active site reversible?
irreversible
what does it mean when the active site changes its shape?
molecules can no longer fit so reaction stops
enzyme activity is a balance between what?
increased rate of reaction as the temperature increasing
changes to the active site at high temperatures (denaturing)
active site influence on pH
what does this do?
changes to pH can make/break intra- and intermolecular bonds in enzyme.
Changes shape of active site and it’s effectiveness
