b5

Question 1

define homeostasis

Answer 1

• maintaining internal conditions of the body

Question 2

name three things that are controlled by homeostasis

Answer 2

1. Temperature
2. Water levels
3. Blood glucose levels

Question 3

why is it important that homeostasis takes place?

Answer 3

• so that enzymes and cells can work in stable conditions.

Question 4

which two parts of the body form the central nervous system (CNS)?

Answer 4

1. brain
2. spinal cord

Question 5

what is a stimuli?

Answer 5

• a change in the environment

Question 6

name the five sense organs

Answer 6

1. Touch
2. Hear
3. See
4. Smell
5. Lick

Question 7

where are receptors found?

Answer 7

• in the sense organs

Question 8

what is a synapse?

Answer 8

• a gap between two nerve cells

Question 9

state the seven steps of a reflex action

Answer 9

1. Stimuli
2. Receptor cells
3. sensory neurone
4. Relay neurone
5. Motor neurone
6. Effector
7. Response

Question 10

state three reasons why reflex actions are important

Answer 10

1. protects from danger
2. automatic
3. fast

Question 11

what does the endocrine system consist of?

Answer 11

• it consists of glands

Question 12

what is a hormone?

Answer 12

• a chemical messenger released in the bloodstream

Question 13

name the five glands in the body

Answer 13

1.Thyroid
2. Testes
3. Adrenal
4. Ovary
5. Pancreas

Question 14

which hormones do the five glands produce?

Answer 14

1.Thyroid - thyroxine
2. Testes - testosterone
3. Adrenal - adrenaline
4. Ovary - oestrogen
5. Pancreas - insulin and glucagon

Question 15

state the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes

Answer 15

• in type 1, the pancreas does not release enough insulin, whereas in type 2 the body stops reacting to insulin.

Question 16

what happens when your blood glucose concentration increases?

Answer 16

1. pancreas detects this and releases insulin
2. insulin travels in the bloodstream to the body cells
3. it triggers them to take in the glucose
4. insulin then goes to the muscle and liver cells to store glucose into glycogen.

Question 17

what happens when your blood glucose concentration decreases?

Answer 17

1. pancreas detects this and releases glucagon
2. glucagon travels into the blood to the liver and muscle cells
3. this triggers cells to turn into glycogen, enabling blood glucose levels to return to normal.

Question 18

how long is one menstrual cycle?

Answer 18

28 days

Question 19

what does ovulation mean?

Answer 19

releasing of the egg

Question 20

which day does a woman ovulate?

Answer 20

day 14

Question 21

name the four hormones involved in the menstrual cycle

Answer 21

1. FSH
2. Oestrogen
3. LH
4. Progesterone

Question 22

where are the four hormones produced in the menstrual cycle?

Answer 22

1. FSH - pituitary glands
2. Oestrogen - ovaries
3. LH - pituitary glands
4. Progesterone - ovaries

Question 23

what are the roles of the four hormones involved in the menstrual cycle?

Answer 23

1. FSH - matures the egg
2. Oestrogen - builds the lining of the uterus
3. LH - releases the egg (ovulation)
4. Progesterone - maintains the lining of the uterus

Question 24

what is the difference between fertility and infertility?

Answer 24

• fertility means how easy it is for a woman to become pregnant
• infertility means how difficult it is for a woman to become pregnant

Question 25

how does the fertility drug helps women get pregnant?

Answer 25

1. FSH and LH are given to a woman 2. this causes a woman to ovulate more than usual 3. this increases chances of becoming pregnant

Question 26

explain the four steps of in-vitro fertilisation (IVF)

Answer 26

1.fertilisation takes place outside the body 2. the mother is treated with FSH and LH, causing several eggs to mature 3. the eggs and sperm is collected and fertilised with each other. 4. once the embryos are tiny balls, they are inserted into the woman's uterus.

Question 27

state the advantages and disadvantages of IVF

Answer 27

advantages = - gives the woman a chance to have a baby - works where other fertility treatments might fail - you can use a donated egg or sperm disadvantages = - success rate is not high - it can be expensive - emotionally stressful for mother and father - multiple embryos destroyed (unethical)

Question 28

what is meant by contraception?

Answer 28

- preventative way from pregnancy taking place.

Question 29

name the six ways of contraception

Answer 29

1. pill 2. implant/patch/injection 3. IUD 4. spermicide 5. condom/diaphragm 6. natural

Question 30

how do the six ways of contraception prevent pregnancy and what are the pros and cons?

Answer 30

1. pill = stops egg from maturing = very effective, headaches 2. implant/patch/injection = patch lasts for one week/implant lasts for three years = highly effective, doesn't protect against STD 3. IUD = stops fertilised egg from implanting in the uterus = more convenient than pill, doesn't protect against STD 4. spermicide = a chemical that disables or kills the sperm = not as effective 5. condom/diaphragm = protects against STD/has to be used with spermicide = no side-effects, not protected against STD 6. natural = by not having sexual intercourse

Question 31

how are hormones carried around in the body?

Answer 31

- in the bloodstream