B5

Question 1

What is a genome ?

Answer 1

The entire genetic material of an organisim

Question 2

Where is genetic material stored ?

Answer 2

In the chromosones which are in the nucleus

Question 3

What is a gene ?

Answer 3

A short length of a chromosone

Question 4

What is a allele ?

Answer 4

A different version of a gene

Question 5

What is a genotype

Answer 5

All of the genes & alleles that an organism has

Question 6

What is a phenotype ?

Answer 6

The charectristic that it displays i.e. blue eyes

Question 7

What is continous variation ?

Answer 7

When indviduals in a population vary within a range - no distinct categoried i.e. height

Question 8

What is discontinous variation ?

Answer 8

When there are 2 or more distinct categories- each indviduals only falls into one i.e. blood group

Question 9

What is a mutation ?

Answer 9

A rare random change in an organisims DNA that can be inherited

Question 10

What is meiosis ?

Answer 10

A type of cell division which doesn’t produce identical cells

Question 10

What is a gamete

Answer 10

They only contain half the number of chromosones of normal cells - they are haploid

Question 10

What is sexual reproduction ?

Answer 10

Where genetic information from 2 organisms is combined to produce offspring which are genetically different to the parents

Question 10

What is asexual reproduction ?

Answer 10

• Where there is only 1 parent so the offspring are genetically identical to the parent
• It happens by mitosis
• The new cell has exactly the same genetic information as the parent cell

Question 10

What does diploid mean ?

Answer 10

Having the full amount of chromosones - normal cells

Question 11

What is meant by hapliod ?

Answer 11

Have half the amount of chromosones of a normal cell

Question 12

What is a dominant allele

Answer 12

The version of charectristic that is shown
- alwyas a capital letter

Question 13

What is a recessive allele

Answer 13

It only appears of there are 2 recessive alleles - non are dominant
- always written in lower case

Question 14

What is homozygous

Answer 14

When 2 alleles for a trait are the same i.e.CC or cc

Question 15

What is hetrozygous

Answer 15

2 different alleles for one trait i.e.Cc

Question 16

What does variation occur between ?

Answer 16

Between species & within species

Question 17

What causes variation ?

Answer 17

Genetics - which alleles have been inherited i.e. tounge rolling
Enviroment - Caused by a factor during your lifetime i.e scars or piercings

Question 19

Who came up with ideas about natural selection and evolution ?

Answer 19

Darwin and Wallace

Question 20

What ideas did Charles Darwin present ?

Answer 20

• The theory of evolution of species by natural selection
• Changes over time due to natural selection
• Natural selection is known as survivial of the fittest

Question 21

What is the 5 step process of natural selection ?

Answer 21

1. Random variation leads to mutation 2. Competition - Some of te feature fit better with the enviroment of others 3. Survival of the fittest- Those with the best allele will live longer enough to reproduce and pass on the allele 4. Over time more indviduals in the population have this advantageous allele. 5. This will continue until the enviroment changes

Question 22

What is the peppered moth study ?

Answer 22

Moths with white wings were camoflaged on trees so lived longer. Moths with black wings were easy for predatord to spot so they got killed In the industrial revolution tree trunks were dicoloured by polloution Now the black moths had an advantage so lived longer So more moths became black winged

Question 23

What does the fossil recors show us ?

Answer 23

It shows us how organisims that lived in the past differ from those today. It also shows how long a species existed for, by when it eneters & leaves the fossil record

Question 24

What are the reasons for classification ?

Answer 24

- Easier to study - Helps recognise bio-diversity - Gives scientists common language

Question 25

What are the 7 ways in which animals are classified ?

Answer 25

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Question 26

Who created this hierarchial system ?

Answer 26

Carl Linnaeus - 1707-1778

Question 27

What is the binomial name made up of ?

Answer 27

Genus + species

Question 28

What is phylogenetics ?

Answer 28

The name given to the study of evolutinary relationships between species

Question 29

How does bacteria become anti-biotic resistant ?

Answer 29

- A population of bacteria occurs - A mutation occurs - One or more bacteria in the population are anti-biotic resistant - A bacterium with the resistant gene survives - A whole population of the bacterium is now resistant to anti-biotics