B5

Question 1

Define homeostasis

Answer 1

Maintenance of a constant internal environment

Question 2

Name 3 things that are controlled by homeostasis

Answer 2

Body temperature
Blood glucose
H20 and C02 levels

Question 3

Name the 2 types of response processes controlled by homeostasis

Answer 3

Nervous or chemical repsonse

Question 4

What are receptors?

Answer 4

Detect stimuli

Question 5

What do coordination centers do?

Answer 5

Receive and process information from receptors

Question 6

What do neurones do?

Answer 6

Carry electrical impulses. They are nerve cells.

Question 7

What are effectors?

Answer 7

Muscles or glands which initiate the response

Question 8

What does the nervous system do?

Answer 8

Enables humans to react to their surroundings and to coordinate their behaviour

Question 9

Name the 2 parts of the CNS

Answer 9

Brain
Spinal cord

Question 10

How does information from receptors pass along neurons to the CNS?

Answer 10

As electrical impulses

Question 11

What does the CNS do?

Answer 11

Coordinates the response of the effectors

Question 12

What do the effectors do when coordinated?

Answer 12

Muscles contract
OR
Glands secrete hormones

Question 13

What is the main job of a receptor?

Answer 13

Coordinate effector response

Question 14

What are reflex actions?

Answer 14

Actions that do not involve the conscious part of the brain

Question 15

Name the nervous pathway

Answer 15

(Stimulus)
Receptor
Sensory neuron
CNS
Motor neuron
Effector
(Response)

Question 16

How long does the average menstrual cycle last?

Answer 16

28 days

Question 17

Describe the first stage of the menstrual cycle and how many days it lasts.

Answer 17

Menstruation = day 1 - 5
Period of bleeding when the uterus lining breaks down

Question 18

Describe the second stage of the menstrual cycle and how many days it lasts.

Answer 18

Pre-ovulation = day 5 - 14
Egg matures and the uterus lining builds up

Question 19

Describe the third stage of the menstrual cycle and how many days it lasts.

Answer 19

Ovulation = day 14 - 21
Release of an egg form the ovary

Question 20

Describe the fourth stage of the menstrual cycle and how many days it lasts.

Answer 20

Pre - menstruation = day 21 - 28
Maintenance of the uterus lining

Question 21

What happens if there is no fertilised egg after stage 4?

Answer 21

The cycle repeats

Question 22

What happens if there is a fertilised egg implanted in the uterus after stage 4?

Answer 22

The menstrual cycle stops and the lining is maintained (due to progesterone)

Question 23

Name the four hormones involved in the menstrual cycle

Answer 23

FSH
LH
Oestrogen
Progesterone

Question 24

What is the role of FSH?

Answer 24

Matures an egg
Stimulates oestrogen production

Question 25

What is the role of oestrogen?

Answer 25

Builds up uterus lining

Question 26

What is the role of LH?

Answer 26

Release of an egg = OVULATION

Question 27

What is the role of progesterone?

Answer 27

Maintains uterus lining Detects the release of an egg (this then means the lining is broken down

Question 28

What is the role of testosterone?

Answer 28

Stimulates sperm production Male sexual characteristics

Question 29

Where is testosterone maintained?

Answer 29

Testes

Question 30

Where is FSH and LH produced?

Answer 30

In the pituitary gland

Question 31

Where is oestrogen and progesterone produced?

Answer 31

In the ovaries

Question 32

Describe the endocrine system.

Answer 32

A system (a network of glands and organs) that produce hormones and transport them through the bloodstream. The endocrine system is a slow procedure that is a long duration

Question 33

What is the role of adrenaline?

Answer 33

Prepares the body for fight or flight Transfers glycogen to glucose for energy

Question 34

Describe 3 changes that occur due to a release of adrenaline

Answer 34

Increased HR Increased BR Increased BP

Question 35

Where is adrenaline produced?

Answer 35

Adrenal glands

Question 36

What is the role of thryoxine?

Answer 36

Controls metabolic rate Controls how fast substances in the body are broken down or built up

Question 37

Where is thyroxine produced?

Answer 37

Thyroid glands

Question 38

What is negative feedback?

Answer 38

Negative feedback maintains levels in the body meaning they're not too high or too low. COUNTERACTS

Question 39

What is the negative feedback with TSH and THYROXINE?

Answer 39

If TSH increases, THYROXINE will decrease

Question 40

Does thyroxine inhibit or stimulate TSH production?

Answer 40

Inhibits

Question 41

Does TSH inhibit or stimulate thyroxine production?

Answer 41

Stimulate

Question 42

What is the hypothalamus?

Answer 42

The part of the brain that detects changes in blood temperature and water concentration

Question 43

What is glucose?

Answer 43

Single sugar molecule that is broken down in respiration for energy

Question 44

What is hypoglycemia?

Answer 44

When the blood glucose concentration is too low.

Question 45

What is hyperglycemia?

Answer 45

When the blood glucose concentration is too high.

Question 46

What happens when blood glucose concentrations fall too low?

Answer 46

The won't be enough glucose for cells to respire

Question 47

What detects the change in blood glucose concentration?

Answer 47

Pancreas

Question 48

What does the pancreas release in HYPOGLYCEMIA?

Answer 48

The pancreas releases the hormone GLUCAGON which breaks down excess glycogen into glucose. This happens in the liver.

Question 49

What are the symptoms of hypoglycemia?

Answer 49

Dizziness, sweating, headache, nausea.

Question 50

What happens if blood glucose concentrations get too high?

Answer 50

Cell damage.

Question 51

What does the pancreas release in HYPERGLYCEMIA?

Answer 51

The pancreas releases the hormone INSULIN which breaks down excess glucose into glycogen. Insulin stimulates muscles and the liver to absorb glucose.

Question 52

What are the symptoms of hyperglycemia?

Answer 52

Low attention span, thirsty, fatigue.

Question 53

What is diabetes?

Answer 53

The inability to regulate levels of glucose

Question 54

What is type 1 diabetes?

Answer 54

The pancreas doesn't release enough insulin

Question 55

What is the management for type 1 diabetes?

Answer 55

Inject insulin (after meals) Monitor diet (not too much sugar) Exercise regularly

Question 56

What is type 2 diabetes?

Answer 56

The body's tissues become resistant to insulin

Question 57

What factors increase the chance of type 2 diabetes?

Answer 57

Lack of exercise (sedentary lifestyle) Smoking Hypertension