B5 Flashcards
(40 cards)
What is homeostasis
Any automatic process used to keep internal functions steady while adjusting to conditions on the outside
What are receptors
Cells which detect change in an environment
What are effectors
Muscle/ gland that will bring about a response
What two parts of your body are the co ordination centre
Brain and spinal cord
What is the order that your electrical impulse travels through your body
Receptor ➡️sensory neuron➡️co ordination centre➡️motor neuron➡️effector
A reflex allows for a quicker response, why are reflex’s faster than voluntary movements?
This is because with a reflex signals are sent to the spine only and not the brain. Receptors ➡️ sensory neuron➡️relay neuron in spine ➡️immediately to motor neuron➡️effector
Name three reflexes that don’t involve the brain
Sneezing
Breathing
Blinking
Between each neuron there is a tiny gap, what is it called
Synapse
How does a chemical signal pass from neuron to neuron?
At the end and start of every neuron there are neurotransmitters waiting for a signal to carry across.
Once the chemical signal travels down to neurons to the neurotransmitters the signal gets conducted and the neurotransmitters carry the signal to the next nerve across the synapse
The neurotransmitters touch the receptors in the next neuron and the electric signal is conducted so it can continue its journey
What is negative feedback?
When the body detects a change and adjusts to turn itself back to normal
What is the master gland
Pituitary gland
What happens when thyroxine levels increase?
The brain detects the change and sends a signal via motor neuron to the pituitary gland
The pituitary gland releases less thryroxine stimulating hormone(TSH)
This results in less thyroxine from the thyroid being produced
What does thyroxine do
Controls your metabolic rate and level of protein synthesis
What is adrenaline
A hormone that is released when stress or a scary situation occurs
What happens in the body when adrenaline is going to be released
Your brain sends signals via motor neurons to the adrenal glands to release adrenaline.
Adrenal glands release adrenaline which sends the body into fight or flight mode
Affects of adrenaline
Dilated pupils➡️lets more light in to see better
Increased heart and breathing rate➡️more oxygen and energy supply to muscles
Blood from GIT redirected to skeletal muscles
Glucogen reserves in muscles break down
Is adrenaline negative feedback and why
No it is not. Adrenaline is only released during stressful situations, negative feedback helps to regulate hormones that a constantly flowing through the body
What is the endocrine system
The network of glands and organs that produce store and release hormones into the blood stream
Difference between endocrine system and nervous system
ENDOCRINE:💧
Signal type = chemical
Slow to act
Long lasting no effects(eg puberty)
Hormones travel through blood
Glands ➡️ hormones
NERVOUS:🧠
Signal type= electrical
Quick to act
Temporary effects
Electrical signal travels through neuron
Receptor➡️signal
What system controls your blood glucose
Endocrine system
How is your blood glucose controlled when it rises?
After a meal your body’s blood glucose level rises
The pancreas detects this change usung its receptor cells and in response it releases insulin
The insulin either instructs the liver and muscles to convert the glucose into glycogen
OR
The insulin instructs the body’s cells the absorb the excess glucose
This makes the blood glucose fall
How is glucose turned into glycogen
Smaller soluble glucose molecules are joined together to make bigger insoluble moles
What is insulin
Chemical messengers 😀
What happens when someone has type 1 diabetes
Pancreas’s produces little or no insulin
