B5 - Disease Flashcards
(51 cards)
Health is a state of ___
Condition
Diseases that are infectious are called ___ diseases - they can be transmitted from one person to another.
Communicable
Communicable diseases are caused by pathogens. These microorganisms include:
Bacteria
Funghi
Virus’
Worms
Examples lf communicable disease include:
Chicken Pox Salmonella COVID-19 Gonorrhoea The Common Cold Rickets Measles AIDS The Flu
Diseases that cannot be ___ from one person to another are called non-communicable diseases.
Transmitted
Examples of non-communicable diseases include:
Cancer Obesity Heart Disease Tonsillitis Hypertension Liver cirrhosis Tetanus Diabetes Malaria Anaemia Arthiritis
How does Bacteria cause diseases?
Bacteria divides rapidly by splitting in two, they may produce toxins that affect your body making you feel ill.
How do virus’ cause diseases?
Viruses take over the cells of your body. They live and reproduce in the cells, damaging and destroying them.
What did Ignaz Semmelweis do?
- He found out that doctors were not washing their hands before or after autopsy’s
- He told doctors to start washing hands
- His idea dropped the mortality rate to less than 1%
- People never believed him and he was sent to an asylum, which where he died at the age of 47
- Scientists go on to find out that Semmelweis was right
What did Louis Pasteur do?
- Hypothesised that germs caused diseases
- He figured out that milk went off because of bacteria in the air
- The same bacteria could cause disease
- He isolated anthrax bacteria and injected it into healthy mice, who became ill, proving that bacteria was the cause
- He studied cholera in chickens, injected in chickens and they fell ill but were resistant
- He created the first vaccines
What did Joseph Lister do?
- Joseph Lister was a surgeon
- Most patients often died in his time
- Infections were caused and were called about Ward Fever
- Hospitals weren’t cleaned, tools, no hands cleaned
- Used carbonic acid to clean tools
- Told staff to wash their hands
- He put carbonic acid on a wound to keep the wound sterile which helped get rid of infections and the patient with a broken leg started walking again
What did Edward Jenner do?
- He thought calpox and smallpox were similar
- He injected many people with calpox and smallpox and nobody got ill
- The World Health Organisation announced a big achievement which they eradicated smallpox
What are the main symptoms of Measles?
Fever
Red Skin Rash
How is Measles spread?
Inhalation of droplets from coughs or sneezes.
How is Measles treated?
There is no treatment, people infected must be isolated to stop the spread of the virus.
Why is Measles now rare in the UK?
Improved living conditions and a vaccination programme for young children.
What are the symtpoms to being with HIV?
Starts with a mild flu like illness
How does the HIV virus cause damage? How does it lead to AIDS?
Attacks the immune cells and after the mild illness it hides in the immune system and after years can cause severe damage like certain cancers.
How is HIV spread?
Direct sexual contact
How is HIV treated?
There is no cure, althought it can be treated through antiretroviral drugs to prevent it.
Which plants are affected by the Tobacco Mosaic Virus?
Tomatoes amd Tobacco plants
Why is TMV called a ‘mosaic’ virus?
Because the growth is affected and there is a pattern of discoloration.
How is TMV spread?
It is spread between diseased plant material and healthy plants, and insects can act as vectors
How is TMV treated?
There is no treatment, but good pest control and hygiene can prevent it.
