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Biologie > B5.1 Genes, Inheritance And Selection > Flashcards

B5.1 Genes, Inheritance And Selection Flashcards

1
Q

Active site

A

The part of the enzyme which is specific to the substrate and has a complementary shape to it.

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2
Q

Allele

A

A version of a gene (variant)

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3
Q

Antibiotic

A

A type of medication that helps cure bacterial disease by killing infective bacteria inside the body

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4
Q

Antibiotic resistance

A

The ability of a bacteria to become resistant to the treatment that is being used to kill it (evidence for evolution)

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5
Q

Artificial classification

A

The classification of organisms based on observable characteristics

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6
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

A form of reproduction that only involves a single parent and creates genetically identical offspring

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7
Q

Biodiversity

A

The variety of different organisms living in an ecosystem.

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8
Q

Chromosome

A

A long, coiled molecule of DNA that carries genetic information in the form of genes

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9
Q

Continuous variation

A

Variation that can take any value between two extremes, e.g. height or weight.

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10
Q

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

A

A polymer that is made of two strands twisted around each other forming a double helix. It contains all the genetic information.

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11
Q

Diploid

A
  • When a cell has a full set of chromosomes.
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12
Q

Discontinuous variation

A

Variation that can only take discrete values, e.g. eye colour.

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13
Q

Dominant

A

An allele that is always expressed when present. It is represented by a capital letter.

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14
Q

Enzymes

A
  • Biological catalysts that increase the rate of reaction
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15
Q

Evolution

A

A change in the inherited characteristics of a population over time, through the process of natural selection, which may result in the formation of new species

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16
Q

Extinction

A

When all the members of a species have died

17
Q

Fossil record

A

The remains or impressions of dead organisms found in rocks that are millions of years old. they provide evidence for evolution

18
Q

Gamete

A

Sex cells (sperm, and egg cells) with half the usual number of chromosomes. They are involved in reproduction.

19
Q

Gene

A

A section of DNA that codes for a specific amino acid sequence, which is polymerised to make a specific protein

20
Q

Genetic variation

A

The variation in the genes of a species

21
Q

Genome

A

The entire genetic material of an organism

22
Q

Genotype

A

The genetic make-up of an organism

23
Q

Haploid

A

When a cell has half the number of chromosomes

24
Q

Heterozygous

A

When an individual has two non-identical alleles of a gene e.g Bb

25
Q

Homozygous

A

When an individual has two identical alleles of a gene e.g bb

26
Q

Meiosis

A

A form of cell division that produces gametes. They are not genetically identical and contain half the number of chromosomes

27
Q

MRNA

A

An RNA subtype that carries genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosomes during protein synthesis

28
Q

Molecular phylogenetic

A

Finding evolutionary relationships between organisms on the basis of their DNA, this method can only be used in fossils that have DNA present

29
Q

Mutation

A

A random change in DNA, which increases variation. They may have a neutral beneficial or damaging effect on the phenotype.

30
Q

Natural classification

A

The classification of organisms based on their evolutionary relationships

31
Q

Natural selection

A

The process by which advantageous allele are passed down to offspring over many generations, increasing the allele frequency. These alleles give rise to phenotype, is best suited to the environment.

32
Q

Nucleus

A

An organelle found in most eukaryotic cells that contains the cells genetic material and controls the activities of the cell.

33
Q

Phenotype

A

The physical characteristics of an organism. It is due to interactions between the genotype and the environment.

34
Q

Punnet square

A

A grid used to determine potential outcomes of a genetic cross

35
Q

Recessive

A

An allele that is only expressed if two copies are present. It is represented by a small letter.

36
Q

Seed bank

A

A place with seeds are preserved in order to preserve genetic diversity

37
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

Reproduction that involves the fusion of male and female gametes. This method of reproduction produces genetic variation.

38
Q

Single gene inheritance

A

Inheritance of characteristics that are controlled by a single gene.

39
Q

Speciation

A

The formation of new species due to the evolution of two reproductively separated populations. This is usually due to geographic isolation.

Biologie (3 decks)

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