B6

Question 1

Why doctors don’t give antibiotics to patients with minor infections

Answer 1

To prevent resistant bacteria stains reproducing

Question 2

Bacterial diseases vaccines fight against

Answer 2

Tetanus and diphtheria

Question 3

Viral diseases vaccines fight against

Answer 3

Polio, measles and mumps

Question 4

Antigens

Answer 4

Proteins on every cell’s surface

Question 5

Painkillers(examples)

Answer 5

Aspirin and paracetamol

Question 6

Painkillers

Answer 6

Drugs that relieve the symptoms of disease but don’t kill the pathogens

Question 7

Drugs which kill bacteria outside the body

Answer 7

Antiseptics
Disinfectants

Question 8

What is the drug digitalis used for?

Answer 8

To strengthen the heartbeat,
first used in the 18th century

Question 9

What is the drug aspirin used for?

Answer 9

To relieve pain and inflammation, first synthesised in 1897 by
Felix Hoffman

Question 10

How was penicillin discovered?

Answer 10

As there was a clear ring of jelly around Flemming’s lid with bacteria growing on it- Flemming discovered something had killed the bacteria

Question 11

How are medicines for the future looked for?

Answer 11

New drugs are synthesised by chemicals in the pharmaceutical industry, but the starting point is a chemical from the plant e.g. one example of a medicine with antibiotic properties is noni fruit

Question 12

A good medicine

Answer 12

Effective
Safe
Stable
Successfully taken into/removed from the body

Question 13

What is a zone of inhibition?

Answer 13

Area where the growth of bacteria has been slowed or stopped

Question 14

Why do schools and colleges grow bacterial plates at 25 degrees celsius?

Answer 14

The temperature prevents harmful pathogens growing

Question 15

What diseases does the MMR vaccine protect against?

Answer 15

Measles, mumps and rubella

Question 16

Why there is a large increase in the populations of many antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria in many years

Answer 16

The non-resistant strains of bacterial pathogens are killed by antibiotics.
Less competition
Overuse of antibiotics

Question 17

After immunisation, what happens if a pathogen re-enters the body

Answer 17

White blood cells rapidly produce the required antibodies to kill this pathogen and avoid infection.

Question 18

Why is the development of a new medicine so expensive?

Answer 18

Takes up to 12 years
Involves multiple stages, extensive lab resources
Only a small proportion of the thousands of chemicals put through lab are eventually put through animal testing