B6 Inheritance, variation and evolution Flashcards

Question

What is polydactyly

Answer 1

When the patient gets extra fingers or toes | – it is caused by a dominant Allele And therefore can be inherited if just one person carries the defective allele

Answer 2

A genetic disorder of the cell membranes which results in the body producing a lot of sticky thick mucus in the air passages and in the pancreas -For a child to have disorder both parents must be either carriers or have a disorder themselves

Answer 3

Process by which humans breed plants and animals with particular genetic characteristics Involves choosing the parents with the desired characteristics from a mixed population – From the offspring, those with the desired characteristics of bread together – this carries on until the offspring show the desired characteristic

Answer 4

You can increase yield from animals Crops Cumber, disease resistant Dogs with a good/gentle temperament Decorative plants with big or unusual flowers

Answer 5

Ethical issues – animal welfare – animals in pain Reduce variation in population – more susceptible to illness – can’t evolve Higher incidence of genetic disorder due to inbreeding This is due to the reduced gene pool

Answer 6

A useful gene is isolated (cut) From another organisms genome using enzymes and then is inserted into a vector The vector is usually a virus or bacterial plasmid Bacterial cells contain plasmids Use the same enzyme to cut out the bacteria Use a different enzyme to stick the Wanted gene into the bacterial plasmid

Answer 7

They can increase the yield Can be engineered to increase nutrition

Answer 8

They can affect the number of wildflowers reducing farmland biodiversity They might not always be safe – people have concerns about the effect on human health Problem if getting to the natural environment e.g. the herbicide resistant gene might be picked up by weeds

Answer 9

That can evolve rapidly because they Reproduce at a fast rate They are a problem because they can be immune to certain Herbicides The development of new antibiotics is costly and slow and therefore is on likely to keep up with the emergence of new resistant strains

Answer 10

By prescribing antibiotics inappropriately Patient should complete the full course of antibiotics all the bacteria is killed and none of it can mutate The agricultural use of antibiotic should be restricted

Answer 11

Gradual replacement by minerals Casting impressions Preservation

Answer 12

Things like teeth shells and bones don’t occasionally and take a long time when buried – there eventually replaced by minerals as they decay, forming a rocklike substance shaped like the original hard partSlyne The surrounding sediment also tells the right to whether the fossil stays distinct

Answer 13

When an organism is buried in a soft material such as clay it hardens around there and the organism the case leaving a cast of itself

Answer 14

In places where there is no oxygen or moisture – decay microbes can’t Survive

Answer 15

``` Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species ```

Answer 16

3 domain was introduced

Answer 17

Archaea-Organisms in this domain or primitive bacteria. They are often found in extreme places such as hot springs and salt lakes

Answer 18

Archaea Bacteria Eukaryote

Answer 19

bacteria-The domain that contains true bacteria. Although they look similar to archaea there are a lot of biochemical differences between them

Answer 20

Eukaryota-This domain includes a broad range of organisms including funi, plants, animals, protists

Answer 21

Organisms are named according to their binomial system – every organism is given into its own two-part Latin name