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MM1 Leesy > B6.032 - Preworks 1-3 Lower Back Paim > Flashcards

B6.032 - Preworks 1-3 Lower Back Paim Flashcards

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1
Q

number of cervical spine vertebrae

A

7

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2
Q

number of thoracic spine vertebrae

A

12

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3
Q

number of lumbar spine vertebrae

A

5

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4
Q

number of sacral vertebrae

A

5

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5
Q

parts of vertebrae

A

body and arch

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6
Q

what is the body of the vertebrae

A

has cortical and trabecular bone health of trabeculae is important

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7
Q

factors that can compromise trabeculae health

A

smoking obesity osteoporosis age lack of physical activity

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8
Q
A

compression fracture

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9
Q
A

spondylolysis

partial or complete fracture of pars interarticularis

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10
Q
A

spondylolithesis

pars interarticularis complete fracture where the vertebrae moves forward

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11
Q

describe the pain associated with compression fracture, spondylolysis or spondylolithesis

A

central back pain

point tenderness

requires plain radiograph

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12
Q

what are facet joints

A

synovial joints beteween the superior and inferior articular processes on each side of spine

hyaline cartilage, joint capsule, meniscoid

allow gliding motion

nerve innervation; medial branch

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13
Q

describe facet joint issues/pain

A

arthritis (DJD); meniscoid displacement causing facet lock

sharp unilateral paraspinal pain

no imaging is indicated

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14
Q

describe intervertebral joints

A

pseudo joints: discs and vertebral bodies

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15
Q

describe the disc of the spine

A

nucleus puplosis: deforms under pressure

annulus fibrosis: resists tensile forces

allow weight bearing and stability

nerve innervation: outer 1/3 annulus by sinuvertebral nerve

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16
Q

describe DDD pain

A

arthritis, disc herniation

back or back and leg pain

MRI indicated

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17
Q

describe ligaments of spine role

A

collectively stabilize vertebral colum and resist sagittal motion

subject to injuriy and arthritic changes

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18
Q

describe ligament pain dx

A

central

no imaging necessary

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19
Q

describe superficial and deep muscles

A

superficia/interm - prime movers, increase activity in response to pain/injury

deep - stabilize each vertebral segment

decreases activity in response to pain/injury

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20
Q

describe the role of transverse abdomini

A

deepes of all abdominal muslce

attaches to thoracolumbar fascia, stabilizes spain

creates natural corset to stabilize spine

can be compromised

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21
Q

what can a spinal tumor cause

A

leg sx

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22
Q

what can a spinal infection cause

A

severe back pain

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23
Q

what houses CSF

A

subarachnoid space, ends at L2 so an LP lower than L2 can get the fluid

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24
Q

what level is epidural given to

A

subdural space

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25
all 3 meninges surround nerver roots, why is this important
you can place tension on nerve root or dura matter to assess pain
26
what do the dorsal/ventral horns have extending from them
dorsal - sensory neurons ventral - motor neurons
27
describe where nerves exit in each part of the spine
cervical - nerves exit above vertebral level till T1 (C8 exits below C7) thoracic - nerves exit below lumbar - nerves exit below sacrum - nerves exit below
28
radicular sx
leg pain \> back pain pain (sharp pain distal to injury) parasthesia weakness
29
clinical exam for back pain
neuro electrophysiology imaging
30
neuro exam
myotomes - muscle motor roots (key muscle testing) dermatomes - sensory, cutatenous light touch reflexes - L3, L4, L5, S1, babinski
31
nerve root injury will result in what
sensory and motor changes in specific dermatome and myotomeand hypo reflexes
32
spinal cord injury will result in what
symptons of non dermatome and non myotome pattern of multiple segments and hyper reflexes
33
nerve root L1, L2
groin anterior proximal thigh (hip flexion psoas)
34
nerve root L3, L4
L3 - medial aspect of distal thigh and knee, Knee extensions (quads) L4 - lateral aspect of knee or medial distal leg, DF/Inv (ant tibialis) reflex = patellar tendion
35
nerve root L5
dorsum of foot toe extension (EHL and EDL) proximal hamstring tendon reflex
36
S1
lateral foot gastoroc/soleus eversion (peroneals) achilles tendon reflex
37
S2
medial aspect of heel toe flexion (FDL)
38
lumbar plexus
L2-L4 terminates into femoral n, obturator n, lateral femoral cutaneous
39
lumbar plexus provides motor and sensory contributions to what
anterior and medial compartments of the leg
40
lumbar plexus peripheral nerves for neuro exam
femoral (L1-L4) obturator (L2-L4)
41
femoral sensory comp
medial side fo thigh and leg
42
motor and reflexes for femoral nerve
motor - hip flexion: iliacus, psoas, sartorius, pectineus, quadriceps patellar reflex
43
sensory obturator comp
middle thigh on anterior aspect
44
obturator motor and reflex areas
hip add and ER: adductor brevis, adductor magnus, adductor longus, obturtor externus no reflex
45
sacral plexus components
sciatic (L4-S3) superficial peroneal (L4-S2) Deep peroneal (L4-S2) Tibial (L4-S3)
46
sciatic sensory
post thigh and leg, whole foot exept instep and medial malleolus
47
sciatic motor
knee flexion: semitendinous, semimembraneosus, bicepts femoris and adductor magnus
48
sciatic reflex
medial hamstrings, achilles
49
superficial peroneal sensory
lateral calf and dorsum of foot
50
motor superficial peroneal
eversion of foot: peroneus longus, peroneus brevis
51
deep peroneal sensory
cleft between 1st and 2nd toe
52
motor of deep peroneal
dorsiflexion of foot: tibialis anterior, EDL, EDB, EHL, peroneus tertius
53
tibial sensory
heel
54
tibial motor
plantarflex, adduction of foot: gastroc, soleus, plantaris, tibialsi posterior, FDL, FHL, abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi , lumbricales, interosseiu, adductor hallucis, abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis. flexor hallucis brevis
55
reflex tibial
achilles
56
sacral plexus overall provides what
L4-S4 sacral plexus provides motor and sensory contributions to gluteal and parts of pelvic region, posterior thigh, most of lower leg, entire foot
57
what can a tight piriformis do
cause compression of sciatic nerve and give posterior leg sx of pian and parasthesia inn all 3 knee muscles then branches into tibial and common peroneal nerve
58
what can be caused by prolonged crossing leg
common peroneal nerve neuropathy - foot drop
59
what can be caused by hip arthroplasty
sup gluteal nerve leadin gto pelvic drop opposite (trendelenburg gait)
60
injury to lateral femoral cutaneous neuropathy
inguinal area from wearing heavy belt or overweight sensory loss to lateral thigh
61
discuss saphenous nerve entrapment
from medial knee injury/surgery leads to pain medial distal knee
62
sural nerve entrapment
from recurrent ankle problesm leading to pain post lateral lower 1/3 leg or lateral foot

MM1 Leesy (6 decks)

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