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BMB Test 3 > B7-056 Meningoencephalitis > Flashcards

B7-056 Meningoencephalitis Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

tough connective tissue that divides the hemispheres into left and right

A

falx cerebri

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2
Q

tough connective tissue separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum/brainstem

A

tentorium

(used to divide the supratentorial compartment from the infratentorial compartment)

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3
Q

the enlargements of intra-axial CSF spaces are called

A

cisterns

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4
Q

CSF is produced in the

A

choroid plexus

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5
Q

rate of production of CSF by the choroid

A

500ml per day

(normal volume is 125, so completely replaces volume several times a day)

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6
Q

CSF circulation enters the extra-axial space via medial and lateral apertures at the […]

A

medulla

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7
Q

CSF is reabsorbed over the […] at the superior sagittal sinus

A

arachnoid granulations

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8
Q

for normal CSF flow, the pressure in the […] has to be greater than pressure in the […]

A

ventricles
subarachnoid space

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9
Q

[…] between capillary endothelial cells forms the BBB

A

tight junctions

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10
Q

tight junctions of the […] cells prevent solutes from moving from CSF into the brain

A

ependymal cells

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11
Q

locations in the brain where the BBB is interrupted [3]

A

pineal gland
neurohypophysis of pituitary
area postrema

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12
Q

types of herniation [4]

A

sub-falcine
central
uncal
tonsillar

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13
Q

midsize bilateral, non reactive pupils

[…] herniation

A

central herniation

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14
Q

unilateral dilated, non-reactive pupil

[…] herniation

A

lateral (uncal)

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15
Q

most vulnerable CN to meningitis

A

VIII

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16
Q

treatment for suspected acute bacterial meningitis

A

ampicillin and ceftriaxone

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17
Q

CSF WBCs are less than 100

A

non-acute meningitis (viral, aseptic, fungal, cancer, autoimmune, etc)

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18
Q

CSF WBCs are more than 200

A

consider acute bacterial meningitis

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19
Q

neutrophils in CSF fluid

A

acute bacterial meningitis

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20
Q

obstruction to CSF flow is intra-axial

A

non-communicating hydrocephalus

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21
Q

most common location of a lesion causing non-communicating hydrocephalus

A

cerebral aqueduct

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22
Q

enlarged ventricles, but 4th ventricle is not enlarged

A

non-communicating hydrocephalus

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23
Q

obstruction to CSF flow is extra-axial

A

communicating hydrocephalus

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24
Q

all ventricles enlarged, even 4th

A

communicating hydrocephalus

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25
typically due to interruption of CSF flow percolating trough subarachnoid space
communicating hydrocephalus (ex. scarring from meningitis)
26
symptoms of hydrocephalus [3]
gait problems incontinence cognitive issues
27
in acute or subacute hydrocephalus the opening pressure will likely be
high
28
in chronic hydrocephalus the opening pressure will likely be
normal
29
very chronic communicating hydrocephalus is called
normal pressure hydrocephalus
30
hydrocephalus secondary to atrophy of the brain no derangement in CSF flow
hydrocephalus ex vacuo
31
increased ICP due to poor absorption of CSF no enlargement of ventricles
idiopathic intracranial hypertension
32
cause of idiopathic intracranial hypertension
poor absorption of CSF by arachnoid villi
33
idiopathic intracranial hypertension is associated with [4]
obesity tetracycline vitamin A venous sinus thrombosis
34
headache episodic blurred vision, diplopia papilledema normal head imaging
idiopathic intracranial hypertension
35
treatment of idiopathic intracranial hypertension [3]
diamox (decreases CSF production) optic nerve fenestration CSF shunt
36
lumbar puncture is contraindicated in patients with
focal mass lesions causing ICP (not contraindicated in idiopathic intracranial hypertension because pressure is increased diffusely)
37
causes of intracranial hypotension [4]
post traumatic encephalocele tarlov cyst idiopathic
38
orthostatic headaches low opening pressure
intracranial **hypo**tension
39
treatment for intracranial hypotension [2]
repair leak blood patch
40
CN most likely to be affected by idiopathic intracranial hypertension?
2
41
dysfunction of short term memory requires [...] dysfunction to the memory circuits
bilateral
42
inattention requires [...] dysfunction of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
bilateral
43
imaging for venous sinus thrombosis
MRV
44
treatment of venous sinus thrombosis [3]
anticoagulation catheter thrombectomy lower ICP
45
basis of the BBB
tight junctions between endothelial cells
46
what type of herniation can compress the ACA?
subfalcine
47
what type of herniation causes caudal displacement of the brainstem?
central transtentorial
48
what type of herniation can cause rupture of the basilar artery branches (duret hemorrhages)?
central transtentorial
49
what type of herniation causes ipsilateral blown pupil with contralateral hemiparesis?
uncal herniation
50
what type of herniation causes coma/death when it compresses the brainstem?
cerebellar tonsillar herniation
51
which pupillary changes characterize central descending transtentorial herniation?
mid-range unreactive pupils
52
which pupillary changes characterize uncal herniation?
unilateral fixed dilated pupil
53
is the parasympathetic or sympathetic system affected by central descending transtentorial herniation?
both, that's why pupil is mid-range
54
treatment for viral meningitis
IV acyclovir
55
most common form of sporadic viral encephalitis
herpes meningoencephalitis
56
describe the flow of CSF from production to absorption
lateral ventricles 3rd ventricles cerebral aqueduct 4th ventricles lateral and medial apertures subarachnoid space arachnoid granulations venous sinuses
57
what structures surround the epidural space?
dura and skull
58
what structures surround the subdural space?
dura arachnoid
59
what structures surround the subarachnoid space?
arachnoid pia
60
the anterior temporal lobes are nested of the sphenoid wing of the [...] cranial fossa
middle
61
the orbital frontal cortex is in the [...] cranial fossa
anterior
62
the brainstem and cerebellum are in the [...] cranial fossa
posterior
63
absence of hydrocephalus on MRI severely elevated intercranial CSF pressure
idiopathic intracranial hypertension
64
enlarged lateral and third ventricles normal sized fourth ventricle
non-communicating hydrocephalus
65
enlargement of all ventricles [2]
communicating hydrocephalus normal pressure hydrocephalus
66
appearance of increased CSF on imaging but actually due to decreased brain tissue and atrophy
ex vacuo ventriclomegaly
67
ICP is [...] in ex vacuo ventriclomegaly
normal
68
caused by structural blockage of CSF circulation within the ventricular system
non-communicating hydrocephalus
69
expansion of ventricles distorts fibers of the corona radiata
normal pressure hydrocephalus
70
decreased CSF absorption by arachnoid granulation causes increased ICP, papilledema, and herniation
communicating hydrocephalus
71
increased ICP with no obvious findings on imaging
idiopathic intracranial hypertension
72
risk factors of idiopathic intracranial hypertension
female Tetracyclines Obesity A- Vitamin A excess Danazol/Dural venous sinus thrombosis female TOAD
73
associated with dural venous sinus stenosis
idiopathic intracranial hypertension
74
common symptoms of idiopathic intracranial hypertension
headache papilledema tinnitus diplopia
75
visual field testing for idiopathic intracranial hypertension will reveal [2]
peripheral constriction enlarged blind spot
76
treatment of idiopathic intracranial hypertension
weight loss acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor) invasive procedures for refractory cases | from first aid

BMB Test 3 (18 decks)

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