B7

Question 1

What is a risk factor?

Answer 1

Things that are linked to an increase in the likelihood that a person will develop a certain disease during their lifetime.

Question 2

S_______ = ?

Answer 2

Smoking has been proven to directly cause cardiovascular disease, lung disease and lung cancer.
It damages the walls of arteries and the cells in the lining of the lungs.

Question 3

O______ = ?

Answer 3

Obesity can directly cause Type 2 diabetes by making the body less sensitive or resistant to insulin, meaning that it struggles to control the concentration of glucose in the blood.

Question 4

A______ = ?

Answer 4

Too much alcohol has been shown to cause liver disease and affect brain function. It can damage the nerve cells in the brain, causing the brain to lose volume.

Question 5

S____ W______ P__________ = ?

Answer 5

Smoking when pregnant can cause lots of health problems for the unborn baby. Drinking alcohol has similar affects.

Question 6

What causes cancers?

Answer 6

Exposure to certain substances or radiation. (Carcinogens)

Question 7

What is the cost of non-communicable diseases?

Answer 7

• Affects both sufferers and loved ones
• The cost to the NHS of researching and treating these diseases is huge
• Costly to families who have to adapt
• Families income reduced if they die or give up work
• Reduction in the number of people able to work also affects a country’s economy

Question 8

What is benign?

Answer 8

The tumour grows until there’s no more room. The tumour stays in one place. This type isn’t normally dangerous, and the tumour isn’t cancerous.

Question 9

What is malignant?

Answer 9

The tumour grows and spreads to neighbouring healthy tissues. Cells can break off and spread to other parts of the body by travelling in the bloodstream. The malignant cells then invade healthy tissues elsewhere in the body and form secondary tumours. Malignant tumours are dangerous and can be fatal - they are cancers.

Question 10

What are the risk factors for cancers?

Answer 10

Smoking - linked to lung, mouth, bowel, stomach and cervical cancer.
Obesity - bowel, liver and kidney cancer.
UV exposure - skin cancer. People who live in sunny climates, spend lots of time outside, and use sun beds are at higher risk.
Viral infection - infection with some viruses has been shown to increase the chances of developing certain types of cancer. The likelihood of becoming infected with these viruses sometimes depends on lifestyle.

They can also be associated with genetics - sometimes you can inherit faulty genes that make you susceptible to cancer.

Question 11

What are tumours the result of?

Answer 11

Body cells dividing out of control.