B7 Ecology Flashcards
(43 cards)
Organisms compete for (6)
Food
Water
Space
Light
CO2/O2
Mate
What is interdependence
Organisms within a community depending on each other for survival
What are the two types of competition
INTERspecific
INTRAspecific
Define intraspecific competition
Competition within a species
Define interspecific competition
Competition between species
What are abiotic factors
Non living factors
3 examples of abiotic factors
Light
Temperature
CO2 concentration
What are biotic factors
The impact of other organisms on an ecosystem (living factors)
3 examples of biotic factors
Food
Predators/prey
Pathogens
Sampling method using a quadrat
1) Calculate area of field/place your sampling
2)Split the fiekd into equally sized grid sections
3)Use a random number generator to produce coordinates for your grid
4)Place a 1m by 1m quadrat at this coordinate and count how many of what you are sampling is in it
5)Repeat a minimum of ten times for ten different coordinates
6)Remove anomalies and calculate a mean number in the quadrat
7)Calculate how many quadrants would fit in the field and multiply your mean by this number
What do food chains show
The direction of BIOMASS transfer between organisms
Examples of a producer
Plants
Algae
Primary consumers are
Herbivores/omnivores
Secondary consumers are
Carnivores/omnivores
Tertiary consumers are
Carnivores/omnivores
Apex predators have no natural
Predator
What are extremophiles
Organisms that survive and reproduce in the most difficult conditions
Define biodiversity
The measure if all the variety of all the different species of organisms on earth (or within a specific area/ecosystem)
6 steps of the water cycle
Evaporation
Transpiration
Respiration
Condensation
Precipitation
Percolation
Describe the decomposition cycle
-Living organisms die and excrete faeces
-Decimposers break these down
—Decomposers release CO2 into the air by respiration
-Plants use this CO2 for photosynthesis
-Mineral ions from the decomposition of the animal/waste releases mineral ions into the the soil
-which is taken in by active transport through plant roots
-Plant eaten by consumers
Human development usually results in reduced
Biodiversity
Why does human development decrease biodiversity
-Habitats destroyed
-More waste so harder to dispose of safely causes pollution
