B7 - Human Nutrition

Question 1

Parts of the digestive system (2)

Answer 1

Alimentary canal:
Associated organs

Question 2

Parts of the alimentary canal (5)

Answer 2

mouth
oesophagus
stomach
small intestine (duodenum and ileum)
large intestine (colon, rectum, and anus)

Question 3

Organs associated with digestion (4)

Answer 3

salivary glands
pancreas
liver
gall bladder

Question 4

Functions of the organs of the digestive system (5)

Answer 4

ingestion
digestion
absorption
assimilation
egestion

Question 5

function of mouth

Answer 5

ingestion - taking in of substances into the body

Question 6

function of oesophagus

Answer 6

connects the mouth and the stomach

Question 7

function of stomach

Answer 7

physical digestion - churns the food up
chemical digestion - produces the protease enzyme, pepsin
produces gastric juice (containing HCL) - to kill bacteria and to make an acid pH since pepsin’s optimum pH is 2

Question 8

function of duodenum

Answer 8

chemical digestion - protease (trypsin), amylase, and lipase enzymes (in pancreatic juice)
physical/mechanical digestion - bile emulsifies fats

Question 9

function of ileum

Answer 9

absorption - small soluble molecules dissolve and diffuse into the blood
chemical digestion - enzymes in epithelial lining digest maltose and peptides

Question 10

function of colon

Answer 10

absorption - water and bile salts

Question 11

function of rectum

Answer 11

stores faeces

Question 12

function of anus

Answer 12

egestion - the removal of undigested food as faeces

Question 13

function of salivary glands

Answer 13

produces saliva which contains amylase for chemical digestion of starch and liquid

Question 14

function of pancreas

Answer 14

secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum for chemical digestion of proteins, fats, and starch

Question 15

function of liver

Answer 15

makes bile, containing salts to emulsify fats (mechanical digestion)

Question 16

function of gall bladder

Answer 16

stores bile, made in the liver, to be secreted into the duodenum via the bile duct

Question 17

functions of bile (2)

Answer 17

neutralises contents from stomach as it is alkaline to provide an optimum pH for trypsin, lipase, and pancreatic amylase
emulsifies fat - breaks fat down into droplets so that there is a greater surface area for lipase to work on

Question 18

functions of gastric juice (2)

Answer 18

kills harmful microorganisms such as bacteria in food
provides an acidic pH for optimum pepsin activity

Question 19

ingestion definition

Answer 19

the taking of substances, e.g. food and drink, into the body

Question 20

digestion definition

Answer 20

the breakdown of food

Question 21

absorption definition

Answer 21

the movement of nutrients from the intestines into the blood

Question 22

assimilation definition

Answer 22

uptake and use of nutrients by cells

Question 23

egestion definition

Answer 23

the removal of undigested food from the body as faeces

Question 24

describe physical digestion

Answer 24

the breakdown of food into smaller pieces without chemical change to the food molecules

Question 25

describe chemical digestion

Answer 25

the breakdown of large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules