B7.026 Brain Stem Anatomic & Functional Correlations Flashcards
1
Q
components of the brainstem
A
from rostral to caudal thalamus midbrain pons medulla
2
Q
major segments of the neural tube
A
ventral = motor
central canal
dorsal = sensory
3
Q
spinal cord framework
A
central gray -sensory dorsal -motor ventral peripheral white -intersegmental communication - 'long tracts'
4
Q
endbrain CNs
A
I, II
5
Q
midbrain CNs
A
III, IV
6
Q
pons CNs
A
V, VI, VII, VIII
7
Q
medulla CNs
A
IX, X, XI, XII
8
Q
3 layers of brainstem
A
ventral = motor middle = sensory posterior = nuclear (contains CN nuclei)
9
Q
general structure of medulla cross section
A
ventral/motor -pyramidal corticospinal tracts middle/sensory -central: ML tracts -lateral: ALS tracts posterior/nuclear -medial: motor nuclei -lateral: sensory nuclei
10
Q
general structure of the pons cross section
A
ventral/motor
-pyramidal corticospinal tracts (basis pontis)
middle/sensory
-central: ML tracts (thinner than medulla)
posterior/nuclear
-medial: motor nuclei
-lateral: sensory nuclei
11
Q
general structure of the midbrain cross section
A
ventral/motor -pyramidal corticospinal tracts (cerebral peduncles) middle/sensory -central: ML tracts posterior/nuclear -medial: motor nuclei -lateral: sensory nuclei
12
Q
SE
A
somatic efferents
13
Q
GSA
A
general somatic afferents
14
Q
GVE
A
general visceral efferents
15
Q
VA
A
visceral afferents
16
Q
SVE
A
special visceral efferents
branchial arch derived skeletal muscle
17
Q
SSA
A
special somatic afferents
motion / sound sensing
18
Q
midbrain SE nuclei
A
oculomotor
trochlear
19
Q
pons SE nuclei
A
abducens
20
Q
medulla SE nuclei
A
hypoglossal
21
Q
midbrain GSA nuclei
A
mesencephalic
-unconscious proprioception
22
Q
pons GSA nuclei
A
proper
-fine tough and proprioception
descending
-pain and temp
23
Q
medulla GSA nuclei
A
descending
-pain and temp
24
Q
midbrain GVE nuclei
A
pupillomotor
25
pons GVE nuclei
superior salivatory
-tears
inferior salivatory
-saliva
26
medulla GVE nuclei
dorsal nucleus X
27
medulla VA nuceli
solitary nucleus
| -gustatory toward top
28
input to solitary nucleus
carotid body
-baroreceptors and chemoreceptors (IX)
aortic arch
-baroreceptors and chemoreceptors (X)
29
input to gustatory segment of solitary nucleus
```
posterior 1/3 tongue
-sensory and taste (IX)
anterior 2/3 tongue
-sensory (V3)
-taste (VII)
```
30
pons SVE nuclei
motor nucleus V
-mastication
facial nucleus
-facial muscles
31
medulla SVE nuclei
```
nucleus ambiguous
-pharyngeal
-trapezius and SCM
accessory nucleus
-trapezius and SCM
```
32
cervical cord SVE nuclei
accessory nucleus
| -trapezius and SCM
33
pons / medulla SSA nuclei
vestibular
| cochlear
34
CN III nuclei
SE
-oculomotor
GVE
-pupillomotor
35
CN III functions
```
medial rectus
superior rectus
inferior rectus
inferior oblique
lev palbebrae
pupil constriction
```
36
CN IV nuclei
SE
| -trochlear
37
CN IV functions
superior oblique
38
CN VI nuclei
SE
| -abducens
39
CN VI functions
lateral rectus
40
CN V nuclei
SVE
-motor nucleus V
GSA
-all 3 brainstem nuclei (mesencephalic, proper, descending)
41
CN V function
muscles of mastication
| sensation to face, mouth
42
CN VII nuclei
```
SVE
-facial nerve
GVE
-superior salivatory
VA
-solitary nucleus (gustatory)
GSA
-descending
```
43
CN VII functions
face muscles, stapedius, digastric
taste anterior 2/3 tongue
ear region sensation
lacrimal, submandibular, sublingual glands
44
CN VIII nuclei
SSA
- vestibular
- cochlear
45
CN VIII functions
hearing
| vestibular
46
CN IX nuclei
```
SVE
-nucleus ambiguous
VA
-solitary nucleus
-gustatory portion of solitary
GSA
-descending
```
47
CN IX functions
```
*primarily sensory
taste posterior 1/3 tongue
sensation posterior pharynx and ear
carotid body
parotid gland
stylopharyngeus
```
48
CN X nuclei
```
SVE
-nucleus ambiguous
GVE
-dorsal nucleus X
VA
-solitary nucleus
GSA
-descending nucleus
```
49
CN X functions
```
pharyngeal muscles
laryngeal muscles
sensation pharynx and ear
aortic arch baro / chemo receptors
parasympathetic to viscera
```
50
CN XI nuclei
SVE
- nucleus ambiguous
- accessory nucleus
51
CN XI functions
trapezius
| SCM
52
CN XII nuclei
SE
| -hypoglossal
53
CN XII functions
intrinsic tongue muscles
54
all nuclei in nuclear portion of medulla
```
medial > lateral
hypoglossal
dorsal nucleus X
solitary
nucleus ambiguous
descending
```
55
CN origins in medulla
X and IX: dorsal nucleus X, solitary, descending, ambiguous
XI: ambiguous
XII: hypoglossal
56
gag reflex
stimulation of posterior oropharynx via CN IX (descending path)
information shared to nucleus ambiguous
response is palatal elevation via CN X
57
all nuclei in nuclear portion of pons
```
medial > lateral
abducens
facial/motor nucleus
superior/inferior salivatory
main sensory nucleus
```
58
corneal reflex
corneal sensation afferent via CN V
| eye closure response via CN VII efferent
59
CN origins in pons
V: main sensory nucleus, motor nucleus (trigeminal)
VI: abducens
VII: facial, salivatory, main sensory (descending)
60
all nuclei in nuclear portion of midbrain
medial > lateral
pupillomotor (Edinger Westphal)
oculomotor
mesencephalic
61
CN origins in midbrain
III: oculomotor, pupillomotor
IV: trochlear
62
corticobulbar innervation of facial nucleus
bilateral upper face innervation
| contralateral lower face innervation
63
corticobulbar innervation of motor nucleus V
bilateral innervation of mastication muscles
64
corticobulbar innervation of bulbar motor nuclei
bilateral innervation of nucleus ambiguous and hypoglossal nucleus
65
UMN lesion of corticobulbar tract
pseudo-bulbar
66
LMN lesion of corticobulbar tract
bulbar
67
corticobulbar innervation of spinal accessory nucleus
ipsilateral
