B7.079 - Pharm of Drugs of Abuse

Question 1

major classes of drugs of abuse

Answer 1

opioids
stimulants
halluginogens
cannabinoids
depressants

Question 2

name the opiods

Answer 2

morphine
oxycodone
fentanyl
heroin

Question 3

what are the uses of opioids

Answer 3

agonitsts at mu receptors, used as analgesic, cough suppressants, antidiarrheals

Question 4

time release preparations of opiods

Answer 4

oxycontin, appear to be particularly prone to causing dependance

Question 5

ROA of opioids

Answer 5

admin strongly influences magnitude of euphoria
IV>intranasal>oral
crosses placenta

Question 6

pharma effects of opiods

Answer 6

euphoria/dysphoria
resp depression
analgesia
sedation
nausea
miosis*
constipation*

Question 7

order of development of tolerance in opiods

Answer 7

euphoria/dysphoria (days)
resp depression
analgesia (weeks)
sedation
nausea

Question 8

withdrawal symptoms of opiods

Answer 8

dysphoria
aches/pains
lacrimation
rhinorrhea
vomiting
diarrhea
chills
insonmia
anxiety

Question 9

describe tolerance to opioids

Answer 9

profound, begins with first does and results from changes in intracellular signaling
cross tolerance occurs too

Question 10

treatment of opioid addiction (substitution)

Answer 10

substitution - methadone, oral agonist results in better sustained drug levels. Avoids IV admin
Buprenorphine - mu opioid partial agonsits, prevents withdrawal, lower risk of OD, antagonizes euphoric effects of full ag

Question 11

treatment of opioid addiction (blocking)

Answer 11

naloxone - prototype opioid antagonist
For acute OD, 1-2 hr duration. PE only, can precipitate withdrawal
Naltrexone - oral antag, prevents relapse

Question 12

Naltrexone

Answer 12

prevents relapse of opioid addiction, t1/2 = 10 hrs

antagonizes euphoric effects of agonists and prevents changes in cellular function

Question 13

stimulants

Answer 13

used and abused to increase wakefulness, attention, physical performance, anorexogenics

Question 14

stimulant classes

Answer 14

sympathomimetics/psychostimulants
caffeine - adenosine antag
nicotine

Question 15

effect of sympathomimetics

Answer 15

stimulate the sympathetic nervous system
increases wakefulness and attn 
produces sense of wellbeing, power
Pupillary dilation, inreased BP and HR**
stim mesolimbic dop system

Question 16

cocaine

Answer 16

inhibits dopamine reuptake
short duration (10-30min)
less associated with tolerance but cravings are strong

Question 17

cocaine risks

Answer 17

intracranial hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, MI, arrhythmia, seizures
clinically used for topical anesthetic

Question 18

meth derivatives

Answer 18

d-amphetamine (ADHD, narcolepsy)
Methamphetamine
Methylphenidate

Question 19

what do the meth derivates do

Answer 19

release and block reuptake of dopamine, NE

Question 20

feature of meth

Answer 20

longer acting, t1/2=<30 hrs with more pronounced central effects and less peripheral effects than d amphetamine (greater abuse potential)

Question 21

SE of meth

Answer 21

insomnia, anorexia, weight loss

long term = psychosis

Question 22

withdrawal sx of meth

Answer 22

dysphoria, drowsiness/insomnia, irritability

Meth is a dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotoxin

Question 23

MDMA/Ecstasy

Answer 23

Aphetamine derivative with greater serotonergic activity

fosters good party mood

Question 24

AEs of MDMA

Answer 24

dose dependent jaw clenching, tachycardia, muscle aches

hyperthermia at high doses can cause serotonin syndrome, also depletion of serotonin which can be permanent

Question 25

withdrawal sx of MDMA

Answer 25

depression, aggression

Question 26

hallucinogens

Answer 26

``` cause distorted perceptions of reality psychedelics dissociatives deleriants anticholinergic drugs ```

Question 27

psychidelics effects

Answer 27

``` alter cognition and perception occurring in lucid state visual hallucinations perceptual distrubances pupillary dilation nausea ```

Question 28

mech of psychedelics

Answer 28

serotonergic effects, including ag/antag and altered reuptake increasing glutamate release in cortex rapid tolerance, no dep/addiction

Question 29

LSD

Answer 29

synthetic psychedelic, lasts 6-12 hrs | serotonergic effects

Question 30

Mescaline

Answer 30

serotonergic effects | from peyote cactus

Question 31

psilocybin

Answer 31

from mushrooms, serotonergic effect | psychedelic

Question 32

dissociative hallucinogenes

Answer 32

phencyclidine ketamine dextromethorphan

Question 33

effects of dissociatives

Answer 33

``` disconnection from body, external reality emotional withdrawal impaired memory hallucinations bizarre postering 1 hr duration ```

Question 34

mech of dissociatives

Answer 34

NMDA antagonists | no phys dependence

Question 35

PCP

Answer 35

angel dust high doses produce coma, muscle rigidity, hyperthermia, seizures NMDA antag

Question 36

ketamine

Answer 36

NMDA antag | experimental tx for seizures

Question 37

dextromethorphan

Answer 37

OTC opiod cough suppressant | NMDA antag

Question 38

effects of cannabinoids

Answer 38

euphoria, relaxation, giddiness, increased appetitde, atiemetic, decrease interocular pressure, dose dep drowsiness

Question 39

mech of cannabinoids

Answer 39

mod of endogenous cannabinoud system CNS effects, stimulation fo cannabinoid receptors (esp. CB1 receptors)** CB2-immune modulators

Question 40

marijuana

Answer 40

delta 9 tetrahydrocannabinol major active compound (THC) detectable 3 weeks after stopping usage Cannabidol (CBD) has complex actions, non psychoactive